-
1 free
B adj1 (unhindered, unrestricted) [person, country, election, press, translation] libre (after n) ; [access, choice] libre (before n) ; to be free to do être libre de faire ; to leave sb free to do laisser qn libre de faire ; to feel free to do ne pas hésiter à faire ; feel free to ask questions n'hésitez pas à poser des questions ; ‘may I use your phone?’-‘feel free’ ‘puis-je me servir de votre téléphone?’-‘je vous en prie’ ; feel free to make yourself a coffee si tu veux un café, fais comme chez toi ; to break free of ou from se libérer de [influence, restriction] ; to set sb free from libérer qn de [situation, task] ; to set sb free to do donner toute liberté à qn pour faire ; a school where children are allowed free expression une école où les enfants peuvent s'exprimer librement ; there will be free movement of workers within the country les ouvriers auront le droit de circuler librement dans les limites du pays ; I oiled the hinges to allow free movement j'ai graissé les gonds pour faciliter le mouvement ; roadworks have restricted the free movement of traffic des travaux ont réduit la fluidité de la circulation ;2 ( not captive or tied) [person, limb] libre ; [animal, bird] en liberté ; she grabbed it with her free hand elle l'a saisi de sa main libre ; one more tug and the rope/my shoe was free un coup de plus et la corde/ma chaussure était dégagée ; to set [sb/sth] free libérer [prisoner, hostage] ; rendre la liberté à [animal, bird] ; to pull a person/an animal free extirper une personne/un animal (from, of de) ; to pull sth free dégager qch [object, shoe] ; to break free [person, animal] se libérer (de ses liens) ; the boat broke free from ou of its moorings le bateau a rompu ses amarres ; how did the parrot get free? comment le perroquet s'est-il évadé? ; they had to cut the driver free from his car on a dû couper la tôle de la voiture pour dégager le chauffeur ; we managed to cut the rabbit free ( from trap) nous avons réussi à libérer or dégager le lapin ;3 ( devoid) to be free from ou of sb [person] être libéré de qn ; free from ou of litter/weeds/pollution dépourvu de déchets/mauvaises herbes/pollution ; he's not entirely free from ou of blame il n'est pas tout à fait irréprochable ; a day free from ou of interruptions une journée sans interruptions ; she was free from ou of any bitterness/hatred elle n'éprouvait aucune amertume/haine ; I'm finally free from ou of debt je suis enfin débarrassé de mes dettes ; to be free from ou of pain ne pas souffrir ; this soup is free from ou of artificial colourings cette soupe ne contient pas de colorants artificiels ; free of ou from tax Fin exonéré d'impôts ; free of ou from interest Fin sans intérêts ;4 ( costing nothing) [ticket, meal, delivery, sample] gratuit ; ‘admission free’ ‘entrée gratuite’ ; free gift Comm cadeau m ; she only came with us in the hope of a free meal/ride elle nous a accompagnés dans le seul espoir de gagner or d'économiser un repas/trajet ; you can't expect a free ride fig on n'a rien pour rien ; he's had a free ride fig il n'a pas trop sué ○ pour en arriver là ;5 ( not occupied) [person, time, morning, chair, room] libre ; are you free for lunch on Monday? es-tu libre lundi pour déjeuner? ; is this seat free? cette place est-elle libre? ; I'm trying to keep Tuesday free to go and see her j'essaie de garder mon mardi libre pour pouvoir aller la voir ; ‘please leave ou keep this parking space free for disabled drivers’ ‘stationnement réservé aux conducteurs handicapés’ ;6 (generous, lavish) to be free with être généreux/-euse avec [food, drink] ; être prodigue de [compliments, advice] ; they've always been very free with money ils ont toujours dépensé sans compter ; to make free with sth se servir généreusement de qch ;7 ( familiar) familier/-ière ; he's too free in his manner il a des manières trop familières ; to make free with sb se permettre des familiarités avec qn ;8 Chem [atom, nitrogen] libre ;C adv1 ( at liberty) [run, roam] librement, en toute liberté ; to go free [hostage] être libéré ; [murderer, criminal] circuler en toute liberté ; the rapist walked free from the court le violeur a pu sortir libre du tribunal ;2 ( without payment) [give, mend, repair, travel] gratuitement ; buy two, get one free un produit de gratuit pour l'achat de deux ; children are admitted free l'entrée est gratuite pour les enfants.D for free adv phr [give, mend, repair, work] gratuitement ; I'll tell you this for free ○ ça, je peux te le dire.E vtr1 ( set at liberty) (from prison, captivity, slavery, chains, trap) libérer [person, animal] ; ( from wreckage) dégager ; to free sth from sth dégager or libérer qch de qch ; to free sb from libérer qn de [prison] ; débarrasser qn de [burden, prejudice] ; décharger qn de [blame, responsibility] ; délivrer qn de [oppression, anxiety, guilt] ; soulager qn de [suffering, disease] ; to free sth from state control libérer qch du contrôle de l'État ;2 ( make available) débloquer [money, capital, resources] ; libérer [person, hands] ; early retirement freed him to pursue his hobby la retraite anticipée lui a donné toute liberté pour se consacrer à son passe-temps favori ; she wants to free ou free up some time for interviewing elle veut se réserver un peu de temps pour des entretiens.F v refl to free oneself (from chains, wreckage) se dégager ; to free oneself from se dégager de [chains, wreckage] ; se libérer de [control, restriction, influence] ; se débarrasser de [burden] ; se décharger de [blame, responsibility] ; se délivrer de [anxiety, guilt].G - free (dans composés) smoke/oil/sugar/additive-free sans fumée/matières grasses/sucre/additifs ; interest-free Fin sans intérêt ; dust-free exempt de poussière ; ⇒ tax-free, lead-free, troublefree etc.to give sb a free hand donner carte blanche à qn (in pour) ; to have a free hand avoir carte blanche (in pour ; in doing pour faire) ; free as a bird ou the air libre comme l'air ; the best things in life are free dans la vie les meilleures choses sont gratuites ; ⇒ country, lunch. -
2 free
free [fri:]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. adjective2. adverb4. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. adjectivea. [person, animal, country] libre• to go free [prisoner] être relâché• they had to cut the driver free from the wreckage ils ont dû désincarcérer le conducteur du véhicule accidenté• it's a free country! on est en république ! (inf)• to be/get free of sb être débarrassé/se débarrasser de qn• is this seat free? est-ce que cette place est libre ?• a school where children feel free to express themselves une école où les enfants se sentent libres de s'exprimer• can I borrow your pen? -- feel free (inf) est-ce que je peux vous emprunter votre stylo ? -- je vous en prie► free from or of ( = without)b. ( = costing nothing) [object, ticket] gratuit• "free mug with each towel" « une chope gratuite pour tout achat d'une serviette »c. ( = lavish) généreux• you're very free with your advice (ironic) vous êtes particulièrement prodigue de conseils (ironique)2. adverba. ( = without payment) [give, get, travel] gratuitementb. ( = without restraint) [run about] en libertéc. ( = expressing release) to pull free se dégager• to wriggle free [person] se libérer en se tortillanta. ( = liberate) [+ nation, slave, caged animal, prisoner] libérer ; [+ person] (from wreckage) dégager ; (from burden) soulagerb. ( = untie) [+ person, animal] détacher4. compounds• to be a free agent avoir toute liberté d'action ► Free Church noun (British) église f non-conformiste adjective► free-floating adjective (in water, space) qui flotte librement ; (figurative) [person] sans attaches* * *[friː] 1.noun (also free period) School ≈ heure f de libre2.1) (unhindered, unrestricted) [person, country, election, press, translation] libre (after n); [access, choice] libre (before n)to break free of ou from — se libérer de
2) ( not captive or tied) [person, limb] libre; [animal, bird] en libertéto set [somebody/something] free — libérer [person]; rendre la liberté à [animal]
they had to cut the driver free (from his car) — on a dû couper la tôle de la voiture pour dégager le chauffeur
the boat broke free from ou of its moorings — le bateau a rompu ses amarres
3) ( devoid)to be free from ou of somebody — être libéré de quelqu'un
free from ou of pollution — dépourvu de pollution
a day free from ou of interruptions — une journée sans interruptions
she was free from ou of any hatred — elle n'éprouvait aucune haine
this soup is free from ou of artificial colourings — cette soupe ne contient pas de colorants artificiels
4) ( costing nothing) gratuit‘admission free’ — ‘entrée gratuite’
free gift — Commerce cadeau m
you can't expect a free ride — fig on n'a rien pour rien
5) ( not occupied) libre6) (generous, lavish)to be free with — être généreux/-euse avec [food]; être prodigue de [advice]
7) ( familiar) familier/-ière8) Chemistry libre9) Linguistics [form] non lié; [vowel, stress] libre3.1) ( at liberty) librement, en toute libertéto go free — [hostage] être libéré; [criminal] circuler en toute liberté
2) ( without payment) gratuitement4.transitive verb1) ( from captivity) libérer; ( from wreckage) dégagerto free somebody from — débarrasser quelqu'un de [prejudice]; décharger quelqu'un de [blame]; délivrer quelqu'un de [oppression, guilt]; soulager quelqu'un de [suffering]
2) ( make available) débloquer [money, resources]; libérer [person, hands]5.6.to free oneself from — se dégager de [chains, wreckage]; se libérer de [influence]; se débarrasser de [burden]; se décharger de [blame]; se délivrer de [guilt]
- free combining formsmoke/sugar-free — sans fumée/sucre
7.interest-free — Finance sans intérêt
for free adverbial phrase gratuitement••to have a free hand — avoir carte blanche (in pour)
free as a bird ou the air — libre comme l'air
-
3 free
I 1. [friː]1) (unhindered, unrestricted) [person, country, election, press, translation, access, choice] liberoto leave sb. free to do — lasciare qcn. libero di fare
"may I use your phone?" - "feel free" — "posso usare il telefono?" - "certamente"
to break free of o from liberarsi da [influence, restriction]; to set sb. free to do — lasciare a qcn. la libertà di fare
2) (not captive or tied) [person, limb] libero; [ animal] libero, in libertàto pull [sth.] free — liberare [ shoe]
to break free — [person, animal] liberarsi
3) (devoid)to be free from o of sb. essersi liberato di qcn.; free from o of weeds libero dalle erbacce; free from o of pollution non inquinato; he's not entirely free from o of blame non è del tutto innocente; a day free from o of interruptions una giornata senza interruzioni; this soup is free from o of artificial colourings questa zuppa non contiene coloranti artificiali; free of o from tax econ. non soggetto a imposta; free of o from interest — econ. senza interessi
4) (costing nothing) gratuito"admission free" — "ingresso gratuito"
free gift — comm. omaggio
you can't expect a free ride — fig. ogni cosa ha il suo prezzo
he's had a free ride — fig. non ha faticato molto per arrivare
5) (not occupied) libero"please leave o keep this parking space free for disabled drivers" — "posto riservato ai disabili"
6) (generous, lavish)7) (familiar) disinvolto, sfacciato, impudenteto make free with sb. — prendersi delle libertà con qcn
8) chim. [ atom] libero9) ling. [vowel, stress] libero10) - free in compostisugar-, additive -free — senza zucchero, additivi
2.interest -free — econ. senza interessi
nome (anche free period) scol. ora f. libera, ora f. buca••II [friː]to have a free hand — avere mano libera (in per; in doing per fare)
1) (at liberty) liberamenteto go free — [ hostage] essere liberato; [ criminal] circolare liberamente
2) (without payment) gratuitamente, gratisbuy two, get one free — (offerta) tre per due
III 1. [friː]for free — gratuitamente, gratis
1) (set at liberty) [run, roam] liberareto free sb. from — liberare qcn. da [prison, oppression, anxiety, burden, suffering]; esentare qcn. da [blame, responsibility]
2) (make available) sbloccare, rendere disponibile [ capital]; liberare [person, hands]2.to free oneself from — liberarsi da [chains, wreckage, influence, burden]; liberarsi di [ anxiety]; sottrarsi a [blame, responsibility]
* * *[fri:] 1. adjective1) (allowed to move where one wants; not shut in, tied, fastened etc: The prison door opened, and he was a free man.) libero2) (not forced or persuaded to act, think, speak etc in a particular way: free speech; You are free to think what you like.) libero3) ((with with) generous: He is always free with his money/advice.) generoso4) (frank, open and ready to speak: a free manner.) sciolto5) (costing nothing: a free gift.) gratuito, gratis6) (not working or having another appointment; not busy: I shall be free at five o'clock.) libero7) (not occupied, not in use: Is this table free?) libero8) ((with of or from) without or no longer having (especially something or someone unpleasant etc): She is free from pain now; free of charge.) esente2. verb1) (to make or set (someone) free: He freed all the prisoners.) liberare2) ((with from or of) to rid or relieve (someone) of something: She was able to free herself from her debts by working at an additional job.) liberarsi di, sbarazzarsi di•- freedom- freely
- free-for-all
- freehand
- freehold
- freelance 3. verb(to work in this way: He is freelancing now.) lavorare come freelance/libero professionista- Freepost- free skating
- free speech
- free trade
- freeway
- freewheel
- free will
- a free hand
- set free* * *I 1. [friː]1) (unhindered, unrestricted) [person, country, election, press, translation, access, choice] liberoto leave sb. free to do — lasciare qcn. libero di fare
"may I use your phone?" - "feel free" — "posso usare il telefono?" - "certamente"
to break free of o from liberarsi da [influence, restriction]; to set sb. free to do — lasciare a qcn. la libertà di fare
2) (not captive or tied) [person, limb] libero; [ animal] libero, in libertàto pull [sth.] free — liberare [ shoe]
to break free — [person, animal] liberarsi
3) (devoid)to be free from o of sb. essersi liberato di qcn.; free from o of weeds libero dalle erbacce; free from o of pollution non inquinato; he's not entirely free from o of blame non è del tutto innocente; a day free from o of interruptions una giornata senza interruzioni; this soup is free from o of artificial colourings questa zuppa non contiene coloranti artificiali; free of o from tax econ. non soggetto a imposta; free of o from interest — econ. senza interessi
4) (costing nothing) gratuito"admission free" — "ingresso gratuito"
free gift — comm. omaggio
you can't expect a free ride — fig. ogni cosa ha il suo prezzo
he's had a free ride — fig. non ha faticato molto per arrivare
5) (not occupied) libero"please leave o keep this parking space free for disabled drivers" — "posto riservato ai disabili"
6) (generous, lavish)7) (familiar) disinvolto, sfacciato, impudenteto make free with sb. — prendersi delle libertà con qcn
8) chim. [ atom] libero9) ling. [vowel, stress] libero10) - free in compostisugar-, additive -free — senza zucchero, additivi
2.interest -free — econ. senza interessi
nome (anche free period) scol. ora f. libera, ora f. buca••II [friː]to have a free hand — avere mano libera (in per; in doing per fare)
1) (at liberty) liberamenteto go free — [ hostage] essere liberato; [ criminal] circolare liberamente
2) (without payment) gratuitamente, gratisbuy two, get one free — (offerta) tre per due
III 1. [friː]for free — gratuitamente, gratis
1) (set at liberty) [run, roam] liberareto free sb. from — liberare qcn. da [prison, oppression, anxiety, burden, suffering]; esentare qcn. da [blame, responsibility]
2) (make available) sbloccare, rendere disponibile [ capital]; liberare [person, hands]2.to free oneself from — liberarsi da [chains, wreckage, influence, burden]; liberarsi di [ anxiety]; sottrarsi a [blame, responsibility]
-
4 free
1. [fri:] a1. свободный, независимый, вольный2. находящийся на свободе, свободныйto set /to make/ free - освобождать
3. добровольный, свободный, без принужденияyou are free to go or stay - вы можете уйти или остаться - это ваше дело
4. незанятый, свободныйare you free in the afternoon? - вы свободны днём?
have you any rooms [seats] free? - есть ли у вас свободные комнаты [места]?
to have little free time - иметь мало свободного времени, быть занятым
5. 1) открытый, без препятствий или помех, свободный2) открытый, доступный; беспрепятственныйfree access to the courts - юр. право свободного обращения в суды
to make free use of smth. - свободно /беспрепятственно/ пользоваться чем-л.
to make smb. free of smth. - открывать кому-л. доступ к чему-л.
to make smb. free of one's house - разрешить кому-л. пользоваться домом, как своим собственным
they made their children free of their library - они разрешали /позволяли/ детям читать любую книгу из своей библиотеки
3) эк. свободный, вольный, беспошлинный6. неограниченный, не стеснённый правилами7. 1) бесплатный, даровойfree education - бесплатное образование /обучение/
admission is free on Mondays and Fridays - по понедельникам и пятницам вход бесплатный
2) неоплачиваемый; ком. тж. франко; свободный от расходовfree of income tax - а) не облагаемый подоходным налогом; б) с выплаченным ранее подоходным налогом
8. (of, from) лишённый (чего-л.); свободный (от чего-л.)a river free of ice - река, очистившаяся ото льда
to be free from duty - быть не при исполнении служебных обязанностей; быть свободным от дежурства и т. п.
free of debt - не имеющий задолженности; свободный от долгов
free from cares - беззаботный, свободный от забот
9. 1) неприкреплённый, незакреплённый, свободныйfree balloon - свободный /неуправляемый/ аэростат
2) хим. несвязанныйfree atom [hydrogen] - свободный атом [водород]
10. щедрый, обильныйto be free with one's money - свободно обращаться с деньгами, быть расточительным
he seems rather free with his insults - ему ничего не стоит оскорбить человека
11. непринуждённый, лёгкий, грациозныйfree step - лёгкий шаг, лёгкая походка
free line - изящная /плавная/ линия ( рисунка)
12. распущенный; вольныйto make /to be/ free with smth., smb. - а) бесцеремонно обращаться с чем-л., кем-л.; б) позволять себе вольность по отношению к чему-л., кому-л.
13. лингв.1) нефиксированный2) свободный, позиционно не обусловленныйfree language - вчт. естественный /неупорядоченный/ язык
free text - вчт. текст на естественном языке
14. спец.1) свободный; нейтральныйfree area - тех. живое сечение
free position - тех. нейтральное положение
2) холостойfree pulley - тех. холостой шкив
free running - а) тех. свободное вращение; холостой ход ( машины); б) авт. движение накатом
15. спорт. вольный ( об упражнениях)16. мор. попутный, благоприятный ( о ветре)♢
free labour - а) ист. труд свободных людей ( не рабов); б) рабочие, не являющиеся членами профсоюзаfor free - а) задаром; б) на чужой счёт
2. [fri:] advto have one's hands free - а) быть незанятым; б) иметь свободу действий
1. бесплатноto give smth. away free - отдать что-л. даром /без денег/
2. = freely3. мор. с попутным ветром, без лавирования3. [fri:] v1. 1) освобождатьto free the land from oppression - освободить /избавить/ страну от гнёта
to free smb. from a charge /an accusation/ - снять с кого-л. обвинение, оправдать кого-л.
2) выпускать на свободуto free smb. from restraint - освобождать кого-л. из заключения, выпускать кого-л. на свободу
2. (from, of) освобождать, делать свободным (от чего-л.)to free one's mind from anxiety - успокаиваться, избавляться от тревоги /беспокойства/
-
5 free
1. [fri:] a1. свободный, независимый, вольный2. находящийся на свободе, свободныйto set /to make/ free - освобождать
3. добровольный, свободный, без принужденияyou are free to go or stay - вы можете уйти или остаться - это ваше дело
4. незанятый, свободныйare you free in the afternoon? - вы свободны днём?
have you any rooms [seats] free? - есть ли у вас свободные комнаты [места]?
to have little free time - иметь мало свободного времени, быть занятым
5. 1) открытый, без препятствий или помех, свободный2) открытый, доступный; беспрепятственныйfree access to the courts - юр. право свободного обращения в суды
to make free use of smth. - свободно /беспрепятственно/ пользоваться чем-л.
to make smb. free of smth. - открывать кому-л. доступ к чему-л.
to make smb. free of one's house - разрешить кому-л. пользоваться домом, как своим собственным
they made their children free of their library - они разрешали /позволяли/ детям читать любую книгу из своей библиотеки
3) эк. свободный, вольный, беспошлинный6. неограниченный, не стеснённый правилами7. 1) бесплатный, даровойfree education - бесплатное образование /обучение/
admission is free on Mondays and Fridays - по понедельникам и пятницам вход бесплатный
2) неоплачиваемый; ком. тж. франко; свободный от расходовfree of income tax - а) не облагаемый подоходным налогом; б) с выплаченным ранее подоходным налогом
8. (of, from) лишённый (чего-л.); свободный (от чего-л.)a river free of ice - река, очистившаяся ото льда
to be free from duty - быть не при исполнении служебных обязанностей; быть свободным от дежурства и т. п.
free of debt - не имеющий задолженности; свободный от долгов
free from cares - беззаботный, свободный от забот
9. 1) неприкреплённый, незакреплённый, свободныйfree balloon - свободный /неуправляемый/ аэростат
2) хим. несвязанныйfree atom [hydrogen] - свободный атом [водород]
10. щедрый, обильныйto be free with one's money - свободно обращаться с деньгами, быть расточительным
he seems rather free with his insults - ему ничего не стоит оскорбить человека
11. непринуждённый, лёгкий, грациозныйfree step - лёгкий шаг, лёгкая походка
free line - изящная /плавная/ линия ( рисунка)
12. распущенный; вольныйto make /to be/ free with smth., smb. - а) бесцеремонно обращаться с чем-л., кем-л.; б) позволять себе вольность по отношению к чему-л., кому-л.
13. лингв.1) нефиксированный2) свободный, позиционно не обусловленныйfree language - вчт. естественный /неупорядоченный/ язык
free text - вчт. текст на естественном языке
14. спец.1) свободный; нейтральныйfree area - тех. живое сечение
free position - тех. нейтральное положение
2) холостойfree pulley - тех. холостой шкив
free running - а) тех. свободное вращение; холостой ход ( машины); б) авт. движение накатом
15. спорт. вольный ( об упражнениях)16. мор. попутный, благоприятный ( о ветре)♢
free labour - а) ист. труд свободных людей ( не рабов); б) рабочие, не являющиеся членами профсоюзаfor free - а) задаром; б) на чужой счёт
2. [fri:] advto have one's hands free - а) быть незанятым; б) иметь свободу действий
1. бесплатноto give smth. away free - отдать что-л. даром /без денег/
2. = freely3. мор. с попутным ветром, без лавирования3. [fri:] v1. 1) освобождатьto free the land from oppression - освободить /избавить/ страну от гнёта
to free smb. from a charge /an accusation/ - снять с кого-л. обвинение, оправдать кого-л.
2) выпускать на свободуto free smb. from restraint - освобождать кого-л. из заключения, выпускать кого-л. на свободу
2. (from, of) освобождать, делать свободным (от чего-л.)to free one's mind from anxiety - успокаиваться, избавляться от тревоги /беспокойства/
-
6 free
fri:
1. прил.
1) а) свободный, вольный, независимый( from, of) to make free use of smth. ≈ пользоваться чем-л. без ограничений;
широко пользоваться чем-л. Delicate Ariel, I'll set thee free for this. ≈ Любезный Ариэль, за это я тебе дарую свободу (Шекспир, "Буря"). make free set free turn free free choice б) свободный, находящийся на свободе( в разл. смыслах), также вне мест лишения свободы free animal в) свободный, незанятый( о человеке, пункте расписания, времени дня и т.п.) A fortnight hence I shall be free as air. ≈ Через две недели я буду свободен как ветер. Syn: vacant г) свободный, не стесненный правилами, обычаями и т. п., неограниченный;
свободный, непринужденный free love be free with one's money it's a free country free world Syn: liberal, lavish Ant: despotic д) свободный для доступа, открытый, доступный - free access Syn: open, unobstructed ∙ Syn: unimpeded, unrestrained, unrestricted, unhampered
2) а) добровольный, без принуждения б) бесплатный, даровой, освобожденный от оплаты - free of charge free of duty free imports free port free education ∙ Syn: exempt
3) а) свободный, незакрепленный, неприкрепленный( о человеке, веревке и т.д.) Syn: disengaged б) свободный от чего-л., не имеющий чего-л., лишенный чего-л. free of debt free from pain get free Syn: clear в) фон. неприкрытый( о гласной или слоге) г) физ.;
хим. свободный (об электроне, радикале и т.п.) Syn: uncombined д) о древесине, лесе: без сучков
4) грациозный, легкий free gesture ≈ непринужденный жест ∙ free labour free hand free throw to make free with smb. ≈ позволять себе вольности, бесцеремонность по отношению к кому-л. free of ≈ за пределами we're not free of the suburbs yet ≈ мы еще не выбрались из пригородов to give with a free hand ≈ раздавать щедрой рукой to spend with a free hand ≈ швыряться деньгами
2. нареч.
1) свободно;
непринужденно The knight smiled free at the fantasy. ≈ Рыцарь непринужденно улыбнулся - фантазия позабавила его. run free Syn: freely
2) бесплатно( также free of charge) free gratis and for nothing Syn: gratis
3) мор. с отпущенными булинями и свободно висящими ( ненатянутыми) парусами
3. гл.
1) а) прям. перен. освобождать Someone has freed the rats from their cages. ≈ Кто-то выпустил крыс из клеток. The United Nations are trying to free the world from the threat of war. ≈ ООН пытается устранить опасность войны. Then he freed one of these four slaves. ≈ Тогда он даровал свободу одному из четырех рабов. Syn: liberate б) освобождать от каких-л. обязательств и т.п. From all these inconveniences we are entirely freed. ≈ Мы даже понятия не имеем об этих неудобствах. Syn: exempt в) освобождать, высвобождать, отсоединять, отвязывать Syn: clear, disengage, disentangle
2) выпускать на свободу Syn: release, loose свободный, независимый, вольный - * country свободная страна - * people свободный народ находящийся на свободе, свободный - to set /to make/ * освобождать - to set a bird * выпустить птицу (из клетки) - to get * освобождаться добровольный, свободный, без принуждения - * choice свободный выбор - you are * to go or stay вы можете уйти или остаться - это ваше дело незанятый, свободный - are you * in the afternoon? вы свободны днем? - have you any rooms *? есть ли у вас свободные комнаты? - to have little * time иметь мало свободного времени, быть занятым открытый, без препятствий или помех, свободный - the way is * путь свободен - to make the road * очистить дорогу открытый, доступный;
беспрепятственный - * access свободный доступ - * access to the court (юридическое) право свободного обращения в суды - to make * use of smth. свободно /беспрепятственно/ пользоваться чем-л. - to make smb. * of smth. открывать кому-л. доступ к чему-л. - to make smb. * of one's house разрешить кому-л. пользоваться домом, как своим собственным - they made their children * of their library они разрешали /позволяли/ детям читать любую книгу из своей библиотеки (экономика) свободный, вольный, беспошлинный - * import беспошлинный ввоз неограниченный, не стесненный правилами - * translation вольный перевод - * love свободная любовь - * play of imagination свободная игра воображения бесплатный, даровой - * of charge бесплатный - * board and lodging бесплатное питание и жилье - * education бесплатное образование /обучение/ - * medical attention бесплатная медицинская помощь - * treatment бесплатное лечение - admission is * on Mondays and Fridays по понедельникам и пятницам вход бесплатный - * to all бесплатный вход (для всех) - * concert бесплатный концерт неоплачиваемый;
(коммерческое) тж. франко;
свободный от расходов - * of duty беспошлинный - * imports беспошлинные товары - * of income tax не облагаемый подоходным налогом;
с выплаченным ранее подоходным налогом (of, from) лишенный (чего-л.) ;
свободный (от чего-л.) - a river * of ice река, очистившаяся ото льда - a day * from wind безветреный день - * from pain безболезненный - to be * of a disease избавиться от болезни - to be * from duty быть не при исполнении служебных обязанностей;
быть свободным от дежурства и т. п. - * of debt не имеющий задолженности;
свободный от долгов - * from cares беззаботный, свободный от забот неприкрепленный, незакрепленный, свободный - to leave one end of a rope * оставить конец каната свободным - * balloon свободный /неуправляемый/ аэростат( химическое) несвязанный - * atom свободный атом щедрый, обильный - to be * with one's money свободно обращаться с деньгами, быть расточительным - * spender расточитель - to be * with one's praise щедро расточать похвалы - he seems rather * with his insults ему ничего не стоит оскорбить человека - this rose is a very * bloomer эта роза очень пышно цветет непринужденный, легкий, грациозный - * gesture грациозный жест - * step легкий шаг, легкая походка - * line изящная /плавная/ линия( рисунка) распущенный;
вольный - * manners небрежные манеры - to make /to be/ * with smth., smb. бесцеремонно обращаться с чем-л., кем-л.;
позволять себе вольность по отношению к чему-л., кому-л. нефиксированный - * stress свободное управление свободный, позиционно не обусловленный - * vowel гласный в открытом слоге - * language( компьютерное) естественный /неупорядоченный/ язык - * text (компьютерное) текст на естественном языке( специальное) свободный;
нейтральный - * flight свободный полет - * area (техническое) живое сечение - * position( техническое) нейтральное положение холостой - * pulley( техническое) холостой шкив - * running( техническое) свободное вращение;
холостой ход (машины) ;
(автомобильное) движение накатом( спортивное) вольный (об упражнениях) (морское) попутный, благоприятный( о ветре) > * labour( историческое) труд свободных людей( не рабов) ;
рабочие, не являющиеся членами профсоюза > * of за пределами > the ship is not * of the harbour yet судно еще не вышло из гавани > for * задаром;
на чужой счет > to have one's hands * быть незанятым;
иметь свободу действий бесплатно - all members admitted * все члены общества проходят бесплатно - tickets are given * билеты раздаются бесплатно - to give smth. away * отдать что-л. даром /без денег/ свободно, вольно - to speak one's mind * свободно высказываться щедро, обильно;
широко - to help * щедро помогать - to entertain * принимать( гостей) на широкую ногу открыто, откровенно - to admit smth. * признать что-л. прямо /открыто/ (морское) с попутным ветром, без лавирования освобождать - to * the land from oppression освободить /избавить/ страну от гнета - to * smb. from a charge /an accusation/ снять с кого-л. обвинение, оправдать кого-л. выпускать на свободу - to * smb. from restraint освобождать кого-л. из заключения, выпускать кого-л. на свободу (from, of) освобождать, делать свободным (от чего-л.) - to * one's hands from fetters сбросить оковы - to * oneself from debt разделаться с долгами - to * one's mind from anxiety успокаиваться, избавляться от тревоги /беспокойства/ ~ щедрый;
обильный;
to be free with one's money быть щедрым, расточительным cost ~ бесплатно ~ лишенный (from - чего-л.) ;
свободный (from - от чего-л) ;
a day free from wind безветренный день;
free from pain безболезненный delivered ~ of charge доставленный бесплатно delivered ~ to destination доставленный бесплатно к месту назначения delivery ~ с бесплатной доставкой free фин.: free currency необратимая валюта, валюта, не имеющая обеспечения ~ неограниченный, не стесненный правилами (обычаями и т. п.) ;
free love свободная любовь ~ бесплатно ~ бесплатно, безвозмездно, беспошлинно ~ бесплатный, даровой;
освобожденный от оплаты;
free education бесплатное образование ~ бесплатный, безвозмездный, беспошлинный, не подлежащий налогообложению ~ бесплатный ~ выпускать на свободу ~ делать свободным ~ добровольно ~ добровольный, без принуждения ~ добровольный ~ легкий, грациозный;
free gesture непринужденный жест ~ лишенный ~ лишенный (from - чего-л.) ;
свободный (from - от чего-л) ;
a day free from wind безветренный день;
free from pain безболезненный ~ не несущий ответственности за убытки ~ не облагаемый налогом ~ незанятый, свободный ~ неприкрепленный, незакрепленный ~ освобождать (from, of - от) ;
выпускать на свободу ~ освобождать ~ освобожденный от пошлины ~ открытый, доступный;
free access свободный доступ ~ вчт. пустой ~ свободно;
to run free бегать на свободе ~ свободно ~ свободный, вольный;
находящийся на свободе;
независимый ~ вчт. свободный ~ свободный ~ свободный от оплаты расходов ~ свободный от расходов ~ щедрый;
обильный;
to be free with one's money быть щедрым, расточительным ~ and easy разг. кабачок ~ and easy разг. концерт, встреча( и т. п.), где царит непринужденность ~ and easy непринужденный, чуждый условностей ~ at frontier price франко по предельной цене ~ at store франко-магазин free фин.: free currency необратимая валюта, валюта, не имеющая обеспечения ~ бесплатный, даровой;
освобожденный от оплаты;
free education бесплатное образование ~ лишенный (from - чего-л.) ;
свободный (from - от чего-л) ;
a day free from wind безветренный день;
free from pain безболезненный ~ легкий, грациозный;
free gesture непринужденный жест ~ of duty беспошлинный;
free imports беспошлинные товары ~ labour рабочие, не являющиеся членами профсоюза;
to make free (with smb.) позволять себе вольности, бесцеремонность (по отношению к кому-л.) ;
free of за пределами ~ labour труд лиц, не принадлежащих к профсоюзам ~ labour ист. труд свободных людей (не рабов) ~ неограниченный, не стесненный правилами (обычаями и т. п.) ;
free love свободная любовь ~ labour рабочие, не являющиеся членами профсоюза;
to make free (with smb.) позволять себе вольности, бесцеремонность (по отношению к кому-л.) ;
free of за пределами ~ of costs бесплатно ~ of customs свободный от таможенных пошлин ~ of charge бесплатный;
free of debt не имеющий долгов, задолженности ~ of debt не имеющий долгов ~ of defects бездефектный ~ of duty беспошлинный;
free imports беспошлинные товары ~ of income tax освобожденный от обложения подоходным налогом ~ of interest освобожденный от уплаты процентов ~ of premium освобожденный от уплаты страхового взноса we're not ~ of the suburbs yet мы еще не выбрались из пригородов;
free pardon полное прощение;
амнистия pardon: free ~ полное помилование ~ on board ком. амер. франко-вагон;
free port вольная гавань, порто-франко port: ~ порт, гавань;
port of call( of destination) порт захода( назначения) ;
port of entry порт ввоза;
free port вольная гавань, порто-франко free ~ свободный, вольный порт, порто-франко free ~ свободный порт free ~ франко-порт to make ~ use (of smth.) пользоваться (чем-л.) без ограничений;
широко пользоваться (чем-л.) ;
to get free освободиться to give with a ~ hand раздавать щедрой рукой;
to spend with a free hand швыряться деньгами to have (to give) a ~ hand иметь (давать) полную свободу действий ~ labour рабочие, не являющиеся членами профсоюза;
to make free (with smb.) позволять себе вольности, бесцеремонность (по отношению к кому-л.) ;
free of за пределами to make (или to set) ~ освобождать;
free choice свобода выбора to make ~ use (of smth.) пользоваться (чем-л.) без ограничений;
широко пользоваться (чем-л.) ;
to get free освободиться ~ свободно;
to run free бегать на свободе set ~ освобождать set: to ~ at rest уладить (вопрос) ;
to set at variance поссорить;
вызвать конфликт;
to set free освобождать;
to set loose отпускать to give with a ~ hand раздавать щедрой рукой;
to spend with a free hand швыряться деньгами we're not ~ of the suburbs yet мы еще не выбрались из пригородов;
free pardon полное прощение;
амнистия -
7 frei
I Adj.1. free; freier Bürger HIST. freeborn citizen, freeman; ein freier Mensch (der tun kann, was er will) a free agent; sie ist frei zu gehen, wenn sie will she is free to go if she wishes; ich bin so frei altm. oder hum. sich bedienend etc.: if I may; ich war so frei, Ihr Auto zu nehmen oder und nahm Ihr Auto I took the liberty of using your car, I helped myself to your car2. Wahl, Wille etc.: free; Zugang: unrestricted, unlimited; (unbehindert) unrestrained; „frei ab 16“ Film: 16 (= no admission to persons under 16 years), Am. etwa R(-rated); jetzt haben wir freie Fahrt mit Zug: the signal’s green now, the train can go now; mit Auto: the road’s clear now; fig. there’s nothing to stop us now; auf freiem Fuß sein be free; Verbrecher: be at large; jemanden auf freien Fuß setzen set s.o. free, let s.o. go; das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung the right of free speech ( oder of self-expression); aus freien Stücken oder freiem Willen of one’s own free will; die freie Wahl haben zwischen... und... be free to choose between... and...3. (unabhängig, selbstständig) Stadt etc.: free; Beruf, Tankstelle etc.: independent; (nicht gebunden) unattached; Journalist, Künstler etc.: freelance; die freien Künste the liberal arts; freier Mitarbeiter freelance(r); Freie24. im Namen von Organisationen etc.: Freie Demokratische Partei (abgek. FDP) Free Democratic Party; Freie Deutsche Jugend (abgek. FDJ) HIST., ehem. DDR Free German Youth; Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (abgek. FDGB) HIST., ehem. DDR Free German Trade Union Organization; die Freie Hansestadt Bremen the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen; die Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg5. WIRTS.: im freien Handel available in the shops (Am. in stores); freier Markt open market; Börse: unofficial market; freie Marktwirtschaft free market economy; freier Wechselkurs floating exchange rate; ( die) freie Wirtschaft free enterprise; die Rechte an diesem Buchtitel werden bald frei the rights in this title will soon be free ( oder available)6. (unbesetzt) Stuhl, Raum etc.: free, available; Leitung: vacant; Stelle: vacant, open; Straße etc.: clear, empty; (unbeschrieben) Seite etc.: blank; frei am WC: vacant; am Taxi: for hire; freie Stelle vacancy; ist hier oder der Platz noch frei? is this seat taken?, is anyone sitting here?; der Stuhl / die Zeile muss frei bleiben the chair must be kept free / the line must be left blank; Platz frei lassen / machen für leave / make space for; jemandem den Weg frei machen clear the way for s.o.; zwei Zeilen frei lassen leave two blank lines; Bahn, Ring, Zimmer7. (unbedeckt) bare; der Rock lässt die Knie frei the skirt is above the knee; den Oberkörper frei machen strip to the waist8. Feld, Himmel, Sicht: open; aufs freie Meer hinaus out into the open sea; auf freier Strecke on an open stretch (EISENB. of line, Straße: of road); in freier Wildbahn in the wild; unter freiem Himmel in the open (air), outside9. Tag, Zeit etc.: free; nachgestellt: off; Person: free, not busy; freie Zeit free ( oder leisure) time; nächsten Dienstag ist frei next Tuesday is a holiday; hast du morgen frei? do you have tomorrow off?; seitdem habe ich keine freie Minute mehr since then I haven’t had a free moment ( oder a moment to myself); sind Sie ( gerade) frei? Taxi: are you taken?; Verkäufer: are you serving someone?10. (kostenlos) free (of charge); freier Eintritt admission free ( für to); Kinder unter sechs sind frei umg. von Eintritt, Fahrgeld: children under six are free, no charge for children under six; 20 kg Gepäck sind frei there is a baggage (bes. Am. luggage) allowance of 20kg; frei Haus carriage paid; Lieferung frei Haus free delivery, no delivery charge; dazu bekommt sie auch noch einen Job frei Haus fig. what’s more she gets a job handed to her on a plate; du hast noch zwei Versuche frei fig. you have two tries left11. frei von (ohne) free from ( oder of), without; von Eis, Schneeschicht etc.: clear of; von Steuern etc. befreit: exempt from; frei von Schmerzen free from pain; frei von Schulden free from debt; frei von Zusätzen free of additives; niemand ist frei von Fehlern / Vorurteilen nobody is perfect / free from prejudice13. fig. (ungezwungen) free and easy; (offen) open; (moralisch großzügig) liberal; freie Liebe free love; sie ist schon viel freier geworden she has loosened up a great deal14. fig. Übersetzung: free; freie Hand haben have a free hand ( bei with); jemandem freie Hand lassen give s.o. a free hand ( bei with); aus oder mit der freien Hand zeichnen (ohne Hilfsmittel) draw s.th. freehand15. Sport (ungedeckt) unmarked; zum nächsten freien Mitspieler passen pass to the nearest unmarked player; der freie Mann ( vor der Abwehr) the sweeper16. POST. (frankiert) prepaid, post paid17. PHYS.; Elektron, Fall, Radikal etc.: free; CHEM. uncombined; im freien Fall in free fall; frei werden Energie etc.: be released; freie Valenzen CHEM. free valenciesII Adv.1. atmen, herumlaufen etc.: freely; frei geboren freeborn; frei laufende Hühner free-range hens; Eier von frei laufenden Hühnern free-range eggs; frei lebende Tiere wildlife Sg., animals living in the wild ( oder out of captivity); frei praktizierender Arzt doctor in private practice2. herumliegen etc.: openly; frei zugänglich von allen Seiten: freely accessible; für alle: open to all; frei stehen Baum, Haus etc.: stand by itself; SPORT, Spieler: be unmarked; frei stehend Baum: solitary; Haus, nicht angebaut: detached; einzeln: isolated; SPORT, Spieler: unmarked3. WIRTS.: frei erhältlich freely available; frei finanziert privately financed; frei konvertierbar freely convertible; frei verkäuflich on general sale, freely available (to buy)6. frei sprechen Redner: speak without notes; mit Handy im Auto: phone ( oder talk) hands-free, use the speaker phone; ich möchte den Vortrag frei halten I want to give the lecture without notes; einen Kreis frei zeichnen draw a circle freehand; das Kind kann schon frei laufen / stehen the child can walk / stand unaided7. frei erfunden (entirely) fictitious; das hat er frei erfunden he made that up; frei nach ( einem Stück von) X freely adapted from (a play by) X* * *at liberty (Adv.);(freimütig) frank (Adj.);(nicht versklavt) unenslaved (Adj.);(unbefahren) clear (Adj.);(unbesetzt) vacant (Adj.);(ungebunden) independent (Adj.); free (Adj.); unfettered (Adj.); unattached (Adj.); unengaged (Adj.)* * *[frai]1. ADJEKTIV1) = unbehindert freesich von etw frei halten — to avoid sth; von Vorurteilen etc to be free of sth; von Verpflichtungen to keep oneself free of sth
die Straße frei geben/machen — to open/clear the road
jdm den Weg frei geben — to let sb past or by
der Film ist frei ( für Jugendliche) ab 16 (Jahren) — this film is suitable for persons aged 16 years and over
ich bin so frei (form) — may I?diams; frei + SubstantivSiehe auch unter dem Eintrag für das jeweilige Substantiv.
von Kiel nach Hamburg hatten wir freie Fahrt — we had a clear run from Kiel to Hamburg
einem Zug freie Fahrt geben — to give a train the " go" signal
der Polizist gab uns freie Fahrt — the policeman signalled (Brit) or signaled (US) us on
jdm freie Hand lassen — to give sb free rein, to give sb a free hand
das Recht der freien Rede or auf freie Rede — the right of free speech, the right to freedom of speech
jdm zur freien Verfügung stehen — to be completely at sb's disposal
2) = unabhängig free; Schriftsteller, Journalist etc freelance; (= nicht staatlich) privatediams; frei + SubstantivSiehe auch unter dem Eintrag für das jeweilige Substantiv.Freie Deutsche Jugend (DDR) — youth wing of the former East German Socialist Unity Party
Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (DDR) — Trades Union Congress of the former East Germany
Freie Hansestadt Bremen — Free Hansa Town of Bremen
freier Mitarbeiter — freelance, freelancer
freie Reichsstadt (Hist) — free city of the Empire
freie Tankstelle — independent petrol (Brit) or gas (US) station
3) = verfügbar Mittel, Geld available; Zeit freeich bin jetzt frei für ihn — I can see him now; (am Telefon) I can speak to him now
4)= arbeitsfrei
morgen/Mittwoch ist frei — tomorrow/Wednesday is a holidaySee:5)= ohne Hilfsmittel
etw aus freier Hand zeichnen — to draw sth freehandein Vortrag in freier Rede — an extemporary talk
6) = unbesetzt Zimmer, Toilette vacant; Taxi for hireist hier noch frei?, ist dieser Platz noch frei? — is anyone sitting here?, is this seat free?
im Kino/Flugzeug waren noch zehn freie Plätze — in the cinema/plane there were still ten seats free
"frei" (an Taxi) — "for hire"; (an Toilettentür) "vacant"
"Zimmer frei" — "vacancies"
haben Sie noch etwas frei? (in Hotel) — do you have any vacancies?
bei HarperCollins sind einige Stellen frei — there are some vacancies at HarperCollins
"Ausfahrt/Einfahrt frei halten" — "keep clear"
für etw Platz frei lassen/machen — to leave/make room for sth
7)= offen
unter freiem Himmel — in the open aireine Frage/Aussage im freien Raum stehen lassen — to leave a question/statement hanging in mid-air
See:→ Freie(s), Feld8) = kostenlos freefrei Schiff — free on board
9) = unkonventionell Sitten, Erziehung liberal10) = unbekleidet bare11) = ungeschützt Autor out of copyright2. ADVERB1) = ungehindert freely; sprechen openlyfrei beweglich —
er hat das frei erfunden — he made it up
das ist frei wählbar — you can choose as you please, it's completely optional
frei laufend (Hunde, Katzen) — feral; Huhn free-range
frei herumlaufen (inf) — to be free, to be running around free (inf)
der Verbrecher läuft immer noch frei herum — the criminal is still at largediams; frei lebend Wölfe, Mustangherden etc living in the wild; Katzen, Stadttauben feral; Mikroorganismen free-livingdiams; frei stehen (Haus) to stand by itself; (Sport) to be free or not marked
ein frei stehendes Gebäude — a free-standing building → auch cdiams; frei nach based on
frei nach Goethe (Zitat) — as Goethe didn't say
2)= ungezwungen
sich frei und ungezwungen verhalten, frei und locker auftreten — to have a relaxed manner, to be easy-goingsie benimmt sich etwas zu frei — she's rather free in her behaviour (Brit) or behavior (US)
3) = ohne Hilfsmittel unaided, without helpdas Kind kann frei stehen — the child can stand on its own or without any help
frei in der Luft schweben — to hang in mid-air
frei sprechen —
* * *1) (free from difficulty or obstacles: a clear road ahead.) clear2) ((often with of) without (risk of) being touched, caught etc: Is the ship clear of the rocks? clear of danger.) clear3) ((often with of) free: clear of debt; clear of all infection.) clear4) (allowed to move where one wants; not shut in, tied, fastened etc: The prison door opened, and he was a free man.) free5) (not forced or persuaded to act, think, speak etc in a particular way: free speech; You are free to think what you like.) free6) (frank, open and ready to speak: a free manner.) free7) (not working or having another appointment; not busy: I shall be free at five o'clock.) free8) (not occupied, not in use: Is this table free?) free9) free10) (not tied; free: The horses are loose in the field.) loose12) (empty or unoccupied: a vacant chair; Are there any rooms vacant in this hotel?) vacant13) (empty or vacant: The room/seat was unoccupied.) unoccupied14) (not busy: I paint in my unoccupied hours / when I'm otherwise unoccupied.) unoccupied* * *[frai]I. adj1. (nicht gefangen, unabhängig) free\freier Autor/Übersetzer freelance writer/translatordie \freie Hansestadt Hamburg the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg\freie Kirche free churchein \freier Mann/eine \freie Frau a free man/womanein \freier Gedanke free thought[Recht auf] \freie Meinungsäußerung [right to] freedom of speechein \freier Mensch a free person\freier Mitarbeiter/ \freie Mitarbeiterin freelance[r]eine \freie Übersetzung a free translationetw zur \freien Verfügung haben to have sth at free disposal\freie Wahl haben to be free to chooseaus \freiem Willen [o \freien Stücken] of one's own free willes war sein \freier Wille auszuwandern he emigrated of his own free will\frei und ungebunden footloose and fancy-free2. (freie Zeit) freedrei Tage/eine Woche \frei haben to have three days/a week offnächsten Donnerstag ist \frei, da ist Feiertag we've got next Thursday off - it's a holidayer hat sich \frei genommen, da seine Tochter krank ist he's taken [some] time off because his daughter is ill\freie Zeit haben to have spare time3. (verfügbar) availablees sind noch Mittel für kulturelle Veranstaltungen \frei there are still funds available for cultural eventsder Film ist ab 14 Jahren \frei the film is suitable for children from 14 years on▪ \frei [für jdn] sein to be free [to see/speak to sb]ist dieser Platz noch \frei? is this seat [already] taken?haben Sie noch ein Zimmer \frei? do you still have a room available?den Eingang \frei machen to clear the entranceeinen Platz \frei lassen to keep a seat freeeinen Platz \frei machen to vacate a seat formeine \freie Stelle a vacant positionein \freies Zimmer a vacant room„Zimmer frei“ “rooms to rent”der Eintritt ist \frei entrance is freeKinder unter 6 Jahren sind \frei children below the age of six are admitted free20 kg Gepäck sind \frei 20 kg of luggage are allowed„Eintritt \frei“ “admission free”„Lieferung \frei Haus“ free home delivery6. (ohne etw)die Straßen sind \frei von Eis the streets are clear of icekein Mensch ist \frei von Fehlern nobody is perfect\frei von Konservierungsstoffen free from preservatives\frei von Schmerzen sein not to suffer any pain, to be free of pain\frei von Schuld blameless7. (ohne Hilfsmittel) off-the-cuffetw mit \freier Hand zeichnen to draw sth freehand\freie Rede/ \freier Vortrag impromptu speech/lectureeine \freie Rede halten to speak off-the-cut8. (auslassen)eine Zeile \frei lassen to leave a line free9. (offen) opender Zug hält auf \freier Strecke the train stops in the open country\freie Aussicht [o \freier Blick] unhampered view\freies Gelände open countryunter \freiem Himmel open airdas \freie Meer the open sea10. (ungezwungen) free and easyihre Auffassungen sind mir doch etwas zu \frei her views are a little too liberal for meer ist viel \freier geworden he has loosened up a lot famhier herrscht ein \freier Ton the atmosphere is very liberal here\freie Liebe free loveich bin so \frei (geh) if I mayich bin so \frei und nehme mir noch ein Stück I'll have another piece if I may11. (unbehindert) unhampered, unrestrained\freie Entwicklung free development12. (unbekleidet) baremachen Sie bitte Ihren Arm \frei please roll up your sleevemachen Sie bitte ihren Bauch \frei please uncover your stomach13. (unbeschrieben) blankein \freies Blatt a blank sheet of paperPlatz \frei lassen to leave a blank14. (nicht gebunden) free, singleseit er sich von seiner Freundin getrennt hat, ist er wieder frei since he has split up with his girl-friend, he is single again15. ÖKON free\freier Kapital-/Warenverkehr free movement of capital/goods\freie Marktwirtschaft free market economy\freier Wechselkurs freely floating exchange rate16. CHEM, PHYS releasedKräfte werden \frei forces are set free [or released]\freier Kohlenstoff/ \freie Wärme uncombined carbon/heat\freie Radikale free radicals17. (ungefähr)\frei nach... roughly quoting...II. adv1. (unbeeinträchtigt) freelydas Haus steht ganz \frei the house stands completely on its owndie Mörderin läuft immer noch \frei herum! the murderess is still on the loose!\frei atmen to breathe easy\frei finanziert privately financed\frei stehen to stand alone [or by itself]\frei verkäuflich for sale without restrictions\frei zugänglich accessible from all sides2. (ungezwungen) freely, openly\frei erzogen liberally educated\frei heraus sprechen to speak frankly\frei improvisieren to improvise freely3. (uneingeschränkt) casually4. (nach eigenem Belieben)\frei erfunden to be completely made up5. (gratis) freeKinder unter 6 Jahren fahren \frei children below the age of six travel freeetw \frei bekommen to get sth freeein Kabel \frei verlegen to lay a cable uncovered\frei in der Luft schweben to hover unsupported in the air\frei sprechen to speak off-the-cuff7. (nicht gefangen) freely\frei laufend Tiere free-rangeEier von \frei laufenden Hühnern eggs from free-range chickens\frei lebend living in the wild* * *1.2) (nicht angestellt) freelance <writer, worker, etc.>4) (nicht eingesperrt, gefangen) free; at liberty pred.5) (offen) openunter freiem Himmel — in the open [air]; outdoors
auf freier Strecke — (Straße) on the open road; (Eisenbahn) between stations
frei herumlaufen — < person> run around scot-free
6) (unbesetzt) vacant; unoccupied; freeein freier Stuhl/Platz — a vacant or free chair/seat
Entschuldigung, ist hier noch frei? — excuse me, is this anyone's seat etc.?
ein Bett ist [noch] frei — one bed is [still] free or not taken
7) (kostenlos) free <food, admission>20 kg Gepäck frei haben — have or be allowed a 20 kilogram baggage allowance
8) (ungenau)eine freie Übersetzung — a free or loose translation
9) (ohne Vorlage) improvised10) (uneingeschränkt) freeder freie Fall — (Physik) free fall
11)von etwas frei/frei von etwas sein — be free of something
12) (verfügbar) spare; freeich habe heute frei/meinen freien Abend — I've got today off/this is my evening off
sich (Dat.) frei nehmen — (ugs.) take some time off
er ist noch/nicht mehr frei — he is still/no longer unattached
13) (ohne Hilfsmittel)eine freie Rede — an extempore speech
14) (unbekleidet) bare15) (bes. Fußball) unmarkedfrei werden — (bei einer Reaktion) be given off
freie Hand haben/jemandem freie Hand lassen — have/give somebody a free hand
aus freien Stücken — (ugs.) of one's own accord; voluntarily
2.auf freiem Fuß — (von Verbrechern etc.) at large
* * *A. adj1. free;freier Bürger HIST freeborn citizen, freeman;ein freier Mensch (der tun kann, was er will) a free agent;sie ist frei zu gehen, wenn sie will she is free to go if she wishes;ich bin so frei obs oder hum sich bedienend etc: if I may;ich war so frei, Ihr Auto zu nehmen oderund nahm Ihr Auto I took the liberty of using your car, I helped myself to your carjetzt haben wir freie Fahrt mit Zug: the signal’s green now, the train can go now; mit Auto: the road’s clear now; fig there’s nothing to stop us now;jemanden auf freien Fuß setzen set sb free, let sb go;das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung the right of free speech ( oder of self-expression);freiem Willen of one’s own free will;die freie Wahl haben zwischen … und … be free to choose between … and …3. (unabhängig, selbstständig) Stadt etc: free; Beruf, Tankstelle etc: independent; (nicht gebunden) unattached; Journalist, Künstler etc: freelance;die freien Künste the liberal arts;4. im Namen von Organisationen etc:die Freie Hansestadt Bremen the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen;die Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg5. WIRTSCH:im freien Handel available in the shops (US in stores);freier Markt open market; BÖRSE unofficial market;freie Marktwirtschaft free market economy;freier Wechselkurs floating exchange rate;(die) freie Wirtschaft free enterprise;die Rechte an diesem Buchtitel werden bald frei the rights in this title will soon be free ( oder available)6. (unbesetzt) Stuhl, Raum etc: free, available; Leitung: vacant; Stelle: vacant, open; Straße etc: clear, empty; (unbeschrieben) Seite etc: blank;freie Stelle vacancy;der Platz noch frei? is this seat taken?, is anyone sitting here?;der Stuhl/die Zeile muss frei bleiben the chair must be kept free/the line must be left blank;Platz frei lassen/machen für leave/make space for;jemandem den Weg frei machen clear the way for sb;7. (unbedeckt) bare;der Rock lässt die Knie frei the skirt is above the knee;8. Feld, Himmel, Sicht: open;aufs freie Meer hinaus out into the open sea;in freier Wildbahn in the wild;unter freiem Himmel in the open (air), outsidefreie Zeit free ( oder leisure) time;nächsten Dienstag ist frei next Tuesday is a holiday;hast du morgen frei? do you have tomorrow off?;seitdem habe ich keine freie Minute mehr since then I haven’t had a free moment ( oder a moment to myself);freier Eintritt admission free (für to);Kinder unter sechs sind frei umg von Eintritt, Fahrgeld: children under six are free, no charge for children under six;20 kg Gepäck sind frei there is a baggage (besonders US luggage) allowance of 20kg;frei Haus carriage paid;Lieferung frei Haus free delivery, no delivery charge;dazu bekommt sie auch noch einen Job frei Haus fig what’s more she gets a job handed to her on a plate;du hast noch zwei Versuche frei fig you have two tries left11.frei von (ohne) free from ( oder of), without; von Eis, Schneeschicht etc: clear of; von Steuern etc befreit: exempt from;frei von Schmerzen free from pain;frei von Schulden free from debt;frei von Zusätzen free of additives;niemand ist frei von Fehlern/Vorurteilen nobody is perfect/free from prejudice12.freie Liebe free love;sie ist schon viel freier geworden she has loosened up a great deal14. fig Übersetzung: free;freie Hand haben have a free hand (bei with);jemandem freie Hand lassen give sb a free hand (bei with);15. Sport (ungedeckt) unmarked;zum nächsten freien Mitspieler passen pass to the nearest unmarked player;der freie Mann (vor der Abwehr) the sweeper16. Postwesen: (frankiert) prepaid, post paid17. PHYS; Elektron, Fall, Radikal etc: free; CHEM uncombined;im freien Fall in free fall;frei werden Energie etc: be released;freie Valenzen CHEM free valenciesB. adv1. atmen, herumlaufen etc: freely;frei geboren freeborn;frei laufende Hühner free-range hens;Eier von frei laufenden Hühnern free-range eggs;frei praktizierender Arzt doctor in private practice;frei halten (einen Platz) keep, save; (Straße, Einfahrt) keep clear; (Angebot, Stelle etc) keep open;„Eingang frei halten!“ keep clear;frei halten von keep free of; (Eingang, Straße etc) keep clear of;sich frei halten keep o.s. free (für for);sich frei halten von ward off, avoid2. herumliegen etc: openly;frei stehen Baum, Haus etc: stand by itself; (leer stehen) be unoccupied, be empty; SPORT, Spieler: be unmarked;frei stehend Baum: solitary; Haus, nicht angebaut: detached; einzeln: isolated; SPORT, Spieler: unmarked3. WIRTSCH:frei erhältlich freely available;frei finanziert privately financed;frei konvertierbar freely convertible;frei verkäuflich on general sale, freely available (to buy)4. TECH:frei beweglich freely moving, mobile;schwebend unsupported5.6.frei sprechen Redner: speak without notes; mit Handy im Auto: phone ( oder talk) hands-free, use the speaker phone;ich möchte den Vortrag frei halten I want to give the lecture without notes;einen Kreis frei zeichnen draw a circle freehand;das Kind kann schon frei laufen/stehen the child can walk/stand unaided7.frei erfunden (entirely) fictitious;das hat er frei erfunden he made that up;8. (liberal) liberally;…frei im adjstickstofffrei nitrogen-free, non-nitrogenous;tuberkulosefrei free from tuberculosis2. nicht geschehend: non-…;blendfrei Beleuchtung: non-dazzle;repressionsfrei Erziehung: non-repressive;schrumpffrei Wäsche: non-shrink, shrink-free3. nicht verlangt: exempt from …, …-exempt;visumfrei not requiring a visa, visa-exempt;zuschlagfrei on which no supplement is payable, exempt from supplementfesselfrei clear of the ankles;nabelfrei with a bare midriff;schulterfrei off-the-shoulder5. unabhängig: independent of …;bündnisfrei independent of any alliance, unallied;reichsfrei HIST under the direct rule of the Emperor;trustfrei non-trust* * *1.1) free <man, will, life, people, decision, etc.>2) (nicht angestellt) freelance <writer, worker, etc.>3) (ungezwungen) free and easy; lax (derog.)4) (nicht eingesperrt, gefangen) free; at liberty pred.5) (offen) openunter freiem Himmel — in the open [air]; outdoors
auf freier Strecke — (Straße) on the open road; (Eisenbahn) between stations
frei herumlaufen — < person> run around scot-free
6) (unbesetzt) vacant; unoccupied; freeein freier Stuhl/Platz — a vacant or free chair/seat
Entschuldigung, ist hier noch frei? — excuse me, is this anyone's seat etc.?
ein Bett ist [noch] frei — one bed is [still] free or not taken
7) (kostenlos) free <food, admission>20 kg Gepäck frei haben — have or be allowed a 20 kilogram baggage allowance
8) (ungenau)eine freie Übersetzung — a free or loose translation
9) (ohne Vorlage) improvised10) (uneingeschränkt) freeder freie Fall — (Physik) free fall
11)von etwas frei/frei von etwas sein — be free of something
12) (verfügbar) spare; freeich habe heute frei/meinen freien Abend — I've got today off/this is my evening off
sich (Dat.) frei nehmen — (ugs.) take some time off
er ist noch/nicht mehr frei — he is still/no longer unattached
13) (ohne Hilfsmittel)14) (unbekleidet) bare15) (bes. Fußball) unmarked16) (Chemie, Physik) freefrei werden — (bei einer Reaktion) be given off
freie Hand haben/jemandem freie Hand lassen — have/give somebody a free hand
aus freien Stücken — (ugs.) of one's own accord; voluntarily
2.auf freiem Fuß — (von Verbrechern etc.) at large
* * *adj.clear adj.detached adj.free adj.spare adj.uncommitted adj.unengaged adj.unenslaved adj.unfettered adj.unrestricted adj.untrapped adj. adv.freely adv. -
8 get
get [get]recevoir ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (d), 1A (g), 1A (i), 1B (b) avoir ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (b) toucher ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (b), 1B (b) trouver ⇒ 1A (b), 1A (h) obtenir ⇒ 1A (b), 1A (h) tenir ⇒ 1A (c) offrir ⇒ 1A (e) acheter ⇒ 1A (f) prendre ⇒ 1A (f), 1A (k), 1A (l) gagner ⇒ 1A (i) chercher ⇒ 1A (j) attraper ⇒ 1A (k), 1A (l), 1B (a) réserver ⇒ 1A (m) répondre ⇒ 1A (n) faire faire ⇒ 1C (b)-(d) préparer ⇒ 1D (a) entendre ⇒ 1D (b) comprendre ⇒ 1D (d) atteindre ⇒ 1E (a) devenir ⇒ 2A (a) se faire ⇒ 2A (b) commencer à ⇒ 2A (c), 2B (c) aller ⇒ 2B (a) réussir à ⇒ 2B (e)( British pt & pp got [gɒt], cont getting [getɪŋ], American pt got [gɒt], pp gotten [gɒtən], cont getting [getɪŋ])A.(a) (receive → gift, letter, phone call) recevoir, avoir; (→ benefits, pension) recevoir, toucher; (→ medical treatment) suivre;∎ I got a bike for my birthday on m'a donné ou j'ai eu ou j'ai reçu un vélo pour mon anniversaire;∎ I get 'The Times' at home je reçois le 'Times' à la maison;∎ this part of the country doesn't get much rain cette région ne reçoit pas beaucoup de pluie, il ne pleut pas beaucoup dans cette région;∎ the living room gets a lot of sun le salon est très ensoleillé;∎ I rang but I got no answer (at door) j'ai sonné mais je n'ai pas obtenu ou eu de réponse; (on phone) j'ai appelé sans obtenir de réponse;∎ many students get grants beaucoup d'étudiants ont une bourse;∎ he got five years for smuggling il a écopé de ou il a pris cinq ans (de prison) pour contrebande;∎ he got a bullet in his shoulder il a reçu une balle dans l'épaule;∎ familiar you're really going to get it! qu'est-ce que tu vas prendre ou écoper!;∎ familiar I'll see that you get yours! je vais te régler ton compte!(b) (obtain → gen) avoir, trouver, obtenir; (→ through effort) se procurer, obtenir; (→ licence, loan, permission) obtenir; (→ diploma, grades) avoir, obtenir;∎ where did you get that book? où avez-vous trouvé ce livre?;∎ they got him a job ils lui ont trouvé du travail;∎ I got the job! ils m'ont embauché!;∎ can you get them the report? pouvez-vous leur procurer le rapport?;∎ I got the idea from a book j'ai trouvé l'idée dans un livre;∎ I got a glimpse of her face j'ai pu apercevoir son visage;∎ you get a fine view from here il y a une vue magnifique d'ici;∎ I've got six more to get (in collection) il m'en manque six;∎ the town gets its water from the reservoir la ville reçoit son eau du réservoir;∎ we get our wine directly from the vineyard en vin ou pour le vin, nous nous fournissons directement chez le producteur;∎ they stopped in town to get some lunch (had lunch there) ils se sont arrêtés en ville pour déjeuner; (bought something to eat) ils se sont arrêtés en ville pour acheter de quoi déjeuner;∎ I'm going out to get a breath of fresh air je sors prendre l'air;∎ I'm going to get something to drink/eat (fetch) je vais chercher quelque chose à boire/manger; (consume) je vais boire/manger quelque chose;∎ can I get a coffee? je pourrais avoir un café, s'il vous plaît?;∎ get yourself a good lawyer trouvez-vous un bon avocat;∎ get advice from your doctor demandez conseil à votre médecin;∎ I need all the advice I can get j'ai besoin de tous les conseils qu'on peut me donner;∎ to get (oneself) a wife/husband se trouver une femme/un mari;∎ to get sb to oneself avoir qn pour soi tout seul;∎ to get a divorce obtenir le divorce;∎ get plenty of exercise faites beaucoup d'exercice;∎ get plenty of sleep dormez beaucoup;∎ try and get a few days off work essayez de prendre quelques jours de congé;∎ I'll do it if I get the time/a moment je le ferai si j'ai le temps/si je trouve un moment;∎ I got a lot from or out of my trip to China mon voyage en Chine m'a beaucoup apporté;∎ she got very little from her lessons elle a très peu appris de ses leçons;∎ he didn't get a chance to introduce himself il n'a pas eu l'occasion de se présenter(c) (inherit → characteristic) tenir;∎ she gets her shyness from her father elle tient sa timidité de son père(d) (obtain in exchange) recevoir;∎ they got a lot of money for their flat la vente de leur appartement leur a rapporté beaucoup d'argent;∎ they got a good price for the painting le tableau s'est vendu à un bon prix;∎ what did you get for your car? combien est-ce que tu as vendu ta voiture?;∎ he got nothing for his trouble il s'est donné de la peine pour rien;∎ you don't get something for nothing on n'a rien pour rien(e) (offer as gift) offrir, donner;∎ what did she get him for Christmas? qu'est-ce qu'elle lui a offert ou donné pour Noël?;∎ I don't know what to get Jill for her birthday je ne sais pas quoi acheter à Jill pour son anniversaire∎ get your father a magazine when you go out achète une revue à ton père quand tu sortiras;∎ get the paper too prends ou achète le journal aussi;∎ we got the house cheap on a eu la maison (à) bon marché(g) (learn → information, news) recevoir, apprendre;∎ we turned on the radio to get the news nous avons allumé la radio pour écouter les informations;∎ she just got news or word of the accident elle vient juste d'apprendre la nouvelle de l'accident;∎ he broke down when he got the news en apprenant la nouvelle il a fondu en larmes∎ multiply 5 by 2 and you get 10 multipliez 5 par 2 et vous obtenez 10∎ plumbers get £20 an hour un plombier gagne ou touche 20 livres de l'heure;∎ he got a good name or a reputation as an architect il s'est fait une réputation dans le milieu de l'architecture;∎ someone's trying to get your attention (calling) quelqu'un vous appelle; (waving) quelqu'un vous fait signe(j) (bring, fetch) (aller) chercher;∎ he went and got a book from the library il est allé chercher un livre à la bibliothèque;∎ go and get a doctor allez chercher un médecin;∎ get me my coat va me chercher ou apporte-moi mon manteau;∎ we had to get a doctor nous avons dû faire venir un médecin;∎ he went to get a taxi il est parti chercher un taxi;∎ what can I get you to drink? qu'est-ce que je vous sers à boire?;∎ can I get you anything? (to somebody ill etc) est-ce que vous avez besoin de quelque chose?;∎ they sent him to get help ils l'ont envoyé chercher de l'aide∎ did you get your train? est-ce que tu as eu ton train?∎ the Mounties always get their man la police montée attrape toujours son homme (au Canada);∎ he got me by the arm il m'a attrapé par le bras;∎ the dog got him by the leg le chien l'a attrapé à la jambe;∎ (I've) got you! je te tiens!(m) (book, reserve) réserver, retenir;∎ we're trying to get a flight to Budapest nous essayons de réserver un vol pour Budapest(n) (answer → door, telephone) répondre;∎ the doorbell's ringing - I'll get it! quelqu'un sonne à la porte - j'y vais!;∎ will you get the phone? peux-tu répondre au téléphone?B.(a) (become ill with) attraper;∎ he got a chill il a pris ou attrapé froid;∎ I get a headache when I drink red wine le vin rouge me donne mal à la tête;∎ familiar to get it bad for sb avoir qn dans la peau∎ I got the feeling something horrible would happen j'ai eu l'impression ou le pressentiment que quelque chose d'horrible allait arriver;∎ I get the impression he doesn't like me j'ai l'impression que je ne lui plais pas;∎ to get a thrill out of sth/doing sth prendre plaisir à qch/faire qch;∎ familiar to get religion devenir croyant□∎ you get some odd people on these tours il y a de drôles de gens dans ces voyages organisés;∎ you get a lot of people marrying young here il y a beaucoup de gens qui se marient jeunes par ici;∎ we don't get many accidents here nous n'avons pas beaucoup d'accidents par iciC.(a) (with adj or past participle) (cause to be) she managed to get the window closed/open elle a réussi à fermer/ouvrir la fenêtre;∎ I got the car started j'ai démarré la voiture;∎ don't get your feet wet! ne te mouille pas les pieds!;∎ get the suitcases ready préparez les bagages;∎ the children are getting themselves ready for school les enfants se préparent pour (aller à) l'école;∎ I finally got her on her own or alone j'ai fini par réussir à la voir en tête à tête;∎ we managed to get him in a good mood nous avons réussi à le mettre de bonne humeur;∎ they've got me so I don't know whether I'm coming or going c'en est à un tel point que je ne sais plus où j'en suis;∎ to get people interested (in sth) intéresser les gens (à qch);∎ let me get this clear que ce soit bien clair;∎ to get things under control prendre les choses en main;∎ he likes his bath as hot as he can get it il aime que son bain soit aussi chaud que possible;∎ the flat is as clean as I'm going to get it j'ai nettoyé l'appartement le mieux que j'ai pu;∎ he got himself nominated president il s'est fait nommer président;∎ don't get yourself all worked up ne t'en fais pas(b) (with infinitive) (cause to do or carry out) we couldn't get her to leave on n'a pas pu la faire partir;∎ get him to move the car demande-lui de déplacer la voiture;∎ I got it to work, I got it working j'ai réussi à le faire marcher;∎ we have to get the government to tighten up on pollution control il faut que l'on obtienne du gouvernement qu'il renforce les lois contre la pollution;∎ he got the other members to agree il a réussi à obtenir l'accord des autres membres;∎ I can always get someone else to do it je peux toujours le faire faire par quelqu'un d'autre;∎ I got her to talk about life in China je lui ai demandé de parler de la vie en Chine;∎ they can't get the landlord to fix the roof ils n'arrivent pas à obtenir du propriétaire qu'il fasse réparer le toit;∎ how do you get jasmine to grow indoors? comment peut-on faire pousser du jasmin à l'intérieur?(c) (with past participle) (cause to be done or carried out) to get sth done/repaired faire faire/réparer qch;∎ to get one's hair cut se faire couper les cheveux;∎ I didn't get anything done today je n'ai rien fait aujourd'hui;∎ it's impossible to get anything done around here (by oneself) il est impossible de faire quoi que ce soit ici; (by someone else) il est impossible d'obtenir quoi que ce soit ici(d) (cause to come, go, move)∎ how are you going to get this package to them? comment allez-vous leur faire parvenir ce paquet?;∎ they eventually got all the boxes downstairs/upstairs ils ont fini par descendre/monter toutes leurs boîtes;∎ I managed to get the old man downstairs/upstairs j'ai réussi à faire descendre/monter le vieil homme;∎ I managed to get him away from the others j'ai réussi à l'éloigner des autres;∎ get him away from me débarrassez-moi de lui;∎ can you get me home? pouvez-vous me raccompagner?;∎ they got her to the airport on time ils l'ont amenée à l'aéroport à l'heure;∎ his friends managed to get him home ses amis ont réussi à le ramener (à la maison);∎ how are we going to get the bike home? comment est-ce qu'on va ramener le vélo à la maison?;∎ I got a message to them je leur ai fait parvenir un message;∎ he can't get the children to bed il n'arrive pas à mettre les enfants au lit;∎ I can't get my boots off/on je n'arrive pas à enlever/mettre mes bottes;∎ we couldn't get the bed through the door nous n'avons pas pu faire passer le lit par la porte;∎ figurative where has all this got us? où est-ce que tout ça nous a menés?;∎ this is getting us nowhere ça ne nous mène nulle part, ça ne nous mène à rien;∎ that won't get you very far! ça ne te servira pas à grand-chose!, tu ne seras pas beaucoup plus avancé!D.(a) (prepare → meal, drink) préparer;∎ he's in the kitchen getting dinner il est à la cuisine en train de préparer le dîner;∎ who's going to get the children breakfast? qui va préparer le petit déjeuner pour les enfants?;∎ she got herself some breakfast elle s'est préparé un petit déjeuner(b) (hear correctly) entendre, saisir;∎ I didn't get his name je n'ai pas saisi son nom∎ I got her father on the phone j'ai parlé à son père ou j'ai eu son père au téléphone;∎ I couldn't get her at the office je n'ai pas pu l'avoir au bureau;∎ did you get the number you wanted? avez-vous obtenu le numéro que vous vouliez?;∎ get me extension 3500 passez-moi ou donnez-moi le poste 3500∎ I don't get it, I don't get the point je ne comprends ou ne saisis pas, je n'y suis pas du tout;∎ I don't get you or your meaning je ne comprends pas ce que vous voulez dire;∎ if you get my meaning si tu vois ce que je veux dire□ ;∎ don't get me wrong comprenez-moi bien;∎ I think he's got the message now je crois qu'il a compris maintenant;∎ I don't get the joke je ne vois pas ce qui est (si) drôle□ ;∎ get it?, get me?, get my drift? tu saisis?, tu piges?;∎ (I've) got it! ça y est!□, j'y suis!□ ;∎ oh, I get you! ah! j'ai pigé!(e) (take note of) remarquer;∎ did you get his address? lui avez-vous demandé son adresse?∎ get him! who does he think he is? vise un peu ce mec, mais pour qui il se prend?;∎ get (a load of) that! vise un peu ça!∎ get a load of this! écoute un peu ça!;∎ get him! écoute-le, celui-là!;E.∎ she got him in the face with a pie elle lui a jeté une tarte à la crème à la figure;∎ the bullet got him in the back il a pris la balle ou la balle l'a atteint dans le dos;∎ a car got him il a été tué par une voiture∎ everyone's out to get me tout le monde est après moi∎ we'll get you for this! on te revaudra ça!;∎ I'll get him for that! je lui revaudrai ça!∎ the pain gets me in the back j'ai des douleurs dans le dos□∎ that song really gets me cette chanson me fait vraiment quelque chose∎ you've got me there alors là, aucune idée∎ it really gets me when you're late qu'est-ce que ça peut m'énerver quand tu es en retard!∎ to get sth by heart apprendre qch par cœur∎ to get sb with child faire un enfant à qn∎ he got his in Vietnam il est mort au Viêt Nam□A.∎ I'm getting hungry/thirsty je commence à avoir faim/soif;∎ get dressed! habille-toi!;∎ to get fat grossir;∎ to get married se marier;∎ to get divorced divorcer;∎ don't get lost! ne vous perdez pas!;∎ how did that vase get broken? comment se fait-il que ce vase soit cassé?;∎ he got so he didn't want to go out any more il en est arrivé à ne plus vouloir sortir;∎ to get old vieillir;∎ it's getting late il se fait tard;∎ this is getting boring ça devient ennuyeux;∎ to get used to sth/doing sth s'habituer à qch/à faire qch;∎ familiar will you get with it! mais réveille-toi un peu!∎ to get elected se faire élire, être élu;∎ suppose he gets killed et s'il se fait tuer?;∎ to get drowned se noyer;∎ we got paid last week on a été payés la semaine dernière;∎ I'm always getting invited to parties on m'invite toujours à des soirées∎ let's get going or moving! (let's leave) allons-y!; (let's hurry) dépêchons(-nous)!, grouillons-nous!; (let's start to work) au travail!;∎ I'll get going on that right away je m'y mets tout de suite;∎ I can't seem to get going today je n'arrive pas à m'activer aujourd'hui;∎ she got talking to the neighbours elle s'est mise à discuter avec les voisins;∎ we got talking about racism nous en sommes venus à parler de racisme;∎ he got to thinking about it il s'est mis à réfléchir à la questionB.∎ when did you get home? quand es-tu rentré?;∎ it's nice to get home ça fait du bien de rentrer chez soi;∎ how do you get to the museum? comment est-ce qu'on fait pour aller au musée?;∎ how did you get in here? comment êtes-vous entré?;∎ they should get here today ils devraient arriver ici aujourd'hui;∎ how did you get here? comment es-tu venu?;∎ how did that bicycle get here? comment se fait-il que ce vélo se trouve ici?;∎ I took the train from Madrid to get there j'ai pris le train de Madrid pour y aller;∎ she's successful now but it took her a while to get there elle a une bonne situation maintenant, mais ça ne s'est pas fait du jour au lendemain;∎ he got as far as buying the tickets il est allé jusqu'à acheter les billets;∎ I'd hoped things wouldn't get this far j'avais espéré qu'on n'en arriverait pas là;∎ are you getting anywhere with that report? il avance, ce rapport?;∎ now you're getting somewhere! enfin tu avances!;∎ I'm not getting anywhere or I'm getting nowhere with this project je fais du surplace avec ce projet;∎ we're not getting anywhere with this meeting cette réunion est une perte de temps;∎ she won't get anywhere or she'll get nowhere if she's rude to people elle n'arrivera à rien en étant grossière avec les gens;∎ where's your sister got to? où est passée ta sœur?;∎ where did my keys get to? où sont passées mes clés?∎ he got along the ledge as best he could il a avancé le long du rebord du mieux qu'il pouvait;∎ she got behind a tree elle s'est mise derrière un arbre;∎ to get into bed se coucher;∎ get in or into the car! monte dans la voiture!;∎ get over here! viens ici!;∎ we couldn't get past the truck nous ne pouvions pas passer le camion∎ each city is getting to look like another toutes les grandes villes commencent à se ressembler;∎ to get to know sb apprendre à connaître qn;∎ we got to like her husband nous nous sommes mis à apprécier ou à aimer son mari;∎ you'll get to like it in the end ça finira par te plaire;∎ his father got to hear of the rumours son père a fini par entendre les rumeurs;∎ he's getting to be known il commence à être connu, il se fait connaître;∎ they got to talking about the past ils en sont venus ou ils se sont mis à parler du passé∎ it's getting to be impossible to find a flat ça devient impossible de trouver un appartement;∎ she may get to be president one day elle pourrait devenir ou être président un jour;∎ they got to be friends ils sont devenus amis∎ we never got to see that film nous n'avons jamais réussi à ou nous ne sommes jamais arrivés à voir ce film;∎ I didn't get to speak to him in person je n'ai pas pu lui parler en personne∎ he never gets to stay up late on ne le laisse jamais se coucher tard□ ;∎ I never get to drive on ne me laisse jamais conduire□∎ get! fous le camp!, tire-toi!3 nounfamiliar (in tennis) beau retour□ m(a) (be up and about, move around) se déplacer;∎ how do you get about town? comment vous déplacez-vous en ville?;∎ she gets about on crutches/in a wheelchair elle se déplace avec des béquilles/en chaise roulante;∎ I don't get about much these days je ne me déplace pas beaucoup ces temps-ci∎ I get about quite a bit in my job je suis assez souvent en déplacement pour mon travail∎ she certainly gets about elle connaît beaucoup de monde(d) (story, rumour) se répandre, circuler;∎ the news or it got about that they were splitting up la nouvelle de leur séparation s'est répandue(a) (succeed in crossing) traverser, passer;∎ the river was flooded but we managed to get across la rivière était en crue mais nous avons réussi à traverser∎ our message is not getting across notre message ne passe pas(a) (over water, street → person) faire traverser;∎ we couldn't get the supplies across (across the river) nous ne pouvions pas faire passer les vivres de l'autre côté;∎ it was easy to get the people across (across the border) il était facile de faire passer les gens(b) (communicate) communiquer;∎ I can't seem to get the idea across to them je n'arrive pas à leur faire comprendre ça;∎ he managed to get his point across il a réussi à faire passer son messagepoursuivre(succeed) réussir, arriver;∎ to get ahead in life or in the world réussir dans la vie;∎ if you want to get ahead at the office, you have to work si tu veux de l'avancement au bureau, il faut que tu travailles(a) (fare, manage) aller;∎ how are you getting along? comment vas-tu?, comment ça va?;∎ she's getting along well in her new job elle se débrouille bien dans son nouveau travail;∎ we can get along without him nous pouvons nous passer de lui ou nous débrouiller sans lui(b) (advance, progress) avancer, progresser;∎ the patient is getting along nicely le patient est en bonne voie ou fait des progrès(c) (be on good terms) s'entendre;∎ we get along fine nous nous entendons très bien, nous faisons bon ménage;∎ she doesn't get along with my mother elle ne s'entend pas avec ma mère;∎ she's easy to get along with elle est facile à vivre∎ it's time for me to be getting along, it's time I was getting along il est temps que je parte;∎ I must be getting along to the office il faut que j'aille au bureau;∎ British get along with you! (leave) va-t'en!, fiche le camp!; familiar (I don't believe you) à d'autres!(obstacle, problem) contourner; (law, rule) tourner;∎ there's no getting around it, we'll have to tell her il n'y a pas d'autre moyen, il va falloir que nous le lui disions;∎ there's no getting around the fact that he lied to us il reste qu'il nous a menti∎ she won't get around to reading it before tomorrow elle n'arrivera pas à (trouver le temps de) le lire avant demain;∎ he finally got around to fixing the radiator il a fini par ou il est finalement arrivé à réparer le radiateur;∎ it was some time before I got around to writing to her j'ai mis pas mal de temps avant de lui écrire∎ I've put the pills where the children can't get at them j'ai mis les pilules là où les enfants ne peuvent pas les prendre;∎ familiar just let me get at him! si jamais il me tombe sous la main!(b) (discover) trouver;∎ to get at the truth découvrir la vérité(c) (mean, intend) entendre;∎ I see what you're getting at je vois où vous voulez en venir;∎ just what are you getting at? qu'est-ce que vous entendez par là?, où voulez-vous en venir?;∎ what I'm getting at is why did she leave now? ce que je veux dire, c'est pourquoi est-elle partie maintenant?∎ you're always getting at me tu t'en prends toujours à moi∎ the witnesses had been got at les témoins avaient été achetés➲ get away∎ she has to get away from home/her parents il faut qu'elle parte de chez elle/s'éloigne de ses parents;∎ I was in a meeting and couldn't get away j'étais en réunion et je ne pouvais pas m'échapper ou m'en aller;∎ will you be able to get away at Christmas? allez-vous pouvoir partir (en vacances) à Noël?;∎ to get away from the daily grind échapper au train-train quotidien;∎ get away from it all, come to Florida! quittez tout, venez en Floride!;∎ she's gone off for a couple of weeks to get away from it all elle est partie quelques semaines loin de tout(b) (move away) s'éloigner;∎ get away from that door! éloignez-vous ou écartez-vous de cette porte!;∎ get away from me! fichez-moi le camp!∎ the murderer got away l'assassin s'est échappé;∎ the thief got away with all the jewels le voleur est parti ou s'est sauvé avec tous les bijoux;∎ there's no getting away from or you can't get away from the fact that the other solution would have been cheaper on ne peut pas nier (le fait) que l'autre solution aurait coûté moins cher;∎ you can't get away from it, there's no getting away from it c'est comme ça, on n'y peut rien∎ get away (with you)! à d'autres!(remove → person) emmener;∎ get that child away from the road! éloignez cet enfant de la route!;∎ get me away from here! fais-moi sortir d'ici!;∎ get your dog away from my garden! faites sortir votre chien de mon jardin!;∎ they managed to get him away from the TV ils ont fini par l'arracher de devant la télévision;∎ to get sth away from sb prendre qch à qn∎ he got away with cheating on his taxes personne ne s'est aperçu qu'il avait fraudé le fisc;∎ I can't believe you got away with it! je n'arrive pas à croire que personne ne t'ait rien dit!;∎ he got away with a small fine il s'en est tiré avec une petite amende;∎ that child gets away with murder on laisse tout faire à ce gamin;∎ her skirt is really tiny but she gets away with it sa jupe est vraiment très courte mais elle peut se le permettre➲ get back(a) (move backwards) reculer;∎ get back! éloignez-vous!, reculez!∎ I can't wait to get back home je suis impatient de rentrer (à la maison);∎ get back in bed! va te recoucher!, retourne au lit!;∎ I got back in the car/on the bus je suis remonté dans la voiture/dans le bus;∎ to get back to sleep se rendormir;∎ to get back to work (after break) se remettre au travail; (after holiday, illness) reprendre le travail;∎ things eventually got back to normal les choses ont peu à peu repris leur cours (normal);∎ getting or to get back to the point pour en revenir au sujet qui nous préoccupe;∎ let's get back to your basic reasons for leaving revenons aux raisons pour lesquelles vous voulez partir;∎ I'll get back to you on that (call back) je vous rappelle pour vous dire ce qu'il en est; (discuss again) nous reparlerons de cela plus tard(c) (return to political power) revenir;∎ do you think the Democrats will get back in? croyez-vous que le parti démocrate reviendra au pouvoir?(a) (recover → something lost or lent) récupérer; (→ force, strength) reprendre, récupérer; (→ health, motivation) retrouver;∎ he got his job back il a été repris;∎ I got back nearly all the money I invested j'ai récupéré presque tout l'argent que j'avais investi;∎ you'll have to get your money back from the shop il faut que vous vous fassiez rembourser par le magasin∎ we have to get this book back to her il faut que nous lui rendions ce livre(c) (return to original place) remettre, replacer;∎ I can't get it back in the box je n'arrive pas à le remettre ou le faire rentrer dans le carton;∎ I want to get these suitcases back down to the cellar je veux redescendre ces valises à la cave;∎ he managed to get the children back to bed il a réussi à remettre les enfants au lit∎ to get one's own back (on sb) se venger (de qn)□se venger de;∎ he only said it to get back at him il n'a dit ça que pour se venger de lui(gen) rester à l'arrière, se laisser distancer; Sport se laisser distancer; figurative prendre du retard;∎ he got behind with his work il a pris du retard dans son travail;∎ we mustn't get behind with the rent il ne faut pas qu'on soit en retard pour le loyer(support, sympathize with) appuyer➲ get by∎ let me get by laissez-moi passer(b) (be acceptable) passer, être acceptable;∎ their work just about gets by leur travail est tout juste passable ou acceptable(c) (manage, survive) se débrouiller, s'en sortir;∎ how do you get by on that salary? comment tu te débrouilles ou tu t'en sors avec un salaire comme ça?;∎ they get by as best they can ils se débrouillent ou s'en sortent tant bien que mal;∎ we can get by without him nous pouvons nous passer de lui ou nous débrouiller sans lui∎ can you get by the washing machine? est-ce que vous avez assez de place pour passer à côté de la machine à laver?(b) (escape attention of → censor, editor) échapper à;∎ her film got by the censors son film a échappé à l'attention de la censure➲ get downdescendre;∎ get down off that chair! descends de cette chaise!;∎ may I get down (from the table)? (leave the table) puis-je sortir de table?;∎ they got down on their knees ils se sont mis à genoux;(a) (bring, fetch down → book from shelf etc) descendre(b) (reduce → temperature, inflation etc) faire baisser;∎ to get one's weight down perdre du poids(c) (write down) noter;∎ I didn't manage to get down what she said je n'ai pas réussi à noter ce qu'elle a dit∎ work is really getting me down at the moment le travail me déprime vraiment en ce moment;∎ this rainy weather gets him down cette pluie lui fiche le cafard;∎ don't let it get you down ne te laisse pas abattrese mettre à;∎ I have to get down to balancing the books il faut que je me mette à faire les comptes;∎ it's not so difficult once you get down to it ce n'est pas si difficile une fois qu'on s'y met;∎ he got down to working on it this morning il s'y est mis ou s'y est attelé ce matin;∎ it's hard getting down to work after the weekend c'est difficile de reprendre le travail après le week-end;∎ we eventually got down to details nous avons fini par en arriver aux détails;∎ when you get down to it, there's very little difference between them en fin de compte, il y a très peu de différence entre eux➲ get in(a) (into building) entrer;∎ the thief got in through the window le cambrioleur est entré par la fenêtre;∎ a car pulled up and she got in une voiture s'est arrêtée et elle est montée dedans;∎ water had got in everywhere l'eau avait pénétré partout(b) (return home) rentrer;∎ we got in about 4 a.m. nous sommes rentrés vers 4 heures du matin∎ what time does your plane get in? à quelle heure ton avion arrive-t-il?(d) (be admitted → to club) se faire admettre; (→ to school, university) entrer, être admis ou reçu;∎ he applied to Oxford but he didn't get in il voulait entrer à Oxford mais il n'a pas pu∎ she got in at the beginning elle est arrivée au début□(g) (interject) glisser;∎ "what about me?" she managed to get in "et moi?" réussit-elle à glisser∎ I hope to get in a bit of reading on holiday j'espère pouvoir lire ou que je trouverai le temps de lire pendant mes vacances;∎ she got in some last-minute revision before the exam elle a réussi à faire des révisions de dernière minute avant l'examen∎ I couldn't get a word in je n'ai pas pu placer un mot, je n'ai pas pu en placer une∎ I must get in some more coal je dois faire une provision de charbon;∎ to get in supplies s'approvisionner∎ shouldn't Elaine be in on this meeting? - of course, could you get her in? on n'a pas besoin d'Elaine pour cette réunion? - si, bien sûr, tu peux lui demander de venir?(f) (hand in, submit) rendre, remettre;∎ did you get your application in on time? as-tu remis ton dossier de candidature à temps?(g) (cause to be admitted → to club, university) faire admettre ou accepter; (cause to be elected) faire élire∎ he got the next round in il a payé la tournée suivante(building) entrer dans; (vehicle) monter dans;∎ he had just got in the door when the phone rang il venait juste d'arriver ou d'entrer quand le téléphone a sonné∎ to get in on a deal prendre part à un marché;∎ to get in on the fun se mettre de la partiefaire participer à;∎ he got me in on the deal il m'a intéressé à l'affaire➲ get into(b) (arrive in) arriver à;∎ we get into Madrid at 3 o'clock nous arrivons à Madrid à 3 heures;∎ the train got into the station le train est entré en gare(c) (put on → dress, shirt, shoes) mettre; (→ trousers, stockings) enfiler, mettre; (→ coat) endosser;∎ she got into her clothes elle a mis ses vêtements ou s'est habillée;∎ can you still get into your jeans? est-ce que tu rentres encore dans ton jean?(d) (be admitted to → club, school, university) entrer dans;∎ he'd like to get into the club il voudrait devenir membre du club;∎ her daughter got into medical school sa fille a été admise dans ou est entrée dans une école de médecine;∎ to get into office être élu∎ he wants to get into politics il veut se lancer dans la politique;∎ they got into a conversation about South Africa ils se sont mis à parler de l'Afrique du Sud;∎ we got into a fight over who had to do the dishes nous nous sommes disputés pour savoir qui devait faire la vaisselle;∎ this is not the moment to get into that ce n'est pas le moment de parler de ça∎ he got into Eastern religions il a commencé à s'intéresser aux religions orientales;∎ it's a hard book to get into c'est un livre dans lequel il est difficile de rentrer □∎ he soon got into her way of doing things il s'est vite fait ou s'est vite mis à sa façon de faire les choses∎ to get into debt s'endetter;∎ he got into a real mess il s'est mis dans un vrai pétrin;∎ the children were always getting into mischief les enfants passaient leur temps à faire des bêtises;∎ I got into a real state about the test j'étais dans tous mes états à cause du test;∎ she got into trouble with the teacher elle a eu des ennuis avec le professeur(i) (cause to act strangely) prendre;∎ what's got into you? qu'est-ce qui te prend?, quelle mouche te pique?;∎ I wonder what got into him to make him act like that je me demande ce qui l'a poussé à réagir comme ça∎ to get sth into sth (faire) (r)entrer qch dans qch;∎ to get the key into the lock mettre ou introduire la clef dans la serrure;∎ to get an article into a paper faire accepter un article par un journal;∎ to get an idea into one's head se mettre une idée en tête;∎ familiar when will you get it into your thick head that I don't want to go? quand est-ce que tu vas enfin comprendre que je ne veux pas y aller?□∎ he got his friend into the club il a permis à son ami de devenir membre du club;∎ the president got his son into Harvard le président a fait entrer ou accepter ou admettre son fils à Harvard∎ she got herself into a terrible state elle s'est mis dans tous ses états;∎ he got them into a lot of trouble il leur a attiré de gros ennuis(d) (involve in) impliquer dans, entraîner dans;∎ you're the one who got us into this c'est toi qui nous as embarqués dans cette histoire(e) familiar (make interested in) faire découvrir□ ; (accustom to) habituer à□, faire prendre l'habitude de□ ;∎ he got me into jazz il m'a initié au jazz□(a) (ingratiate oneself with) s'insinuer dans ou s'attirer les bonnes grâces de, se faire bien voir de;∎ they tried to get in with the new director ils ont essayé de se faire bien voir du nouveau directeur(b) (associate with → person, group etc) fréquenter;∎ he has got in with a new gang il n'est pas plus avec la même bande;∎ she got in with the wrong crowd at school elle avait de mauvaises fréquentations à l'école➲ get off(a) (leave bus, train etc) descendre;∎ get off at the next stop descendez au prochain arrêt;∎ familiar I told him where to get off! je l'ai envoyé sur les roses!, je l'ai envoyé promener!;∎ familiar where do you get off telling me what to do? qu'est-ce qui te prend de me dicter ce que je dois faire?(b) (depart → person) s'en aller, partir; (→ car) démarrer; (→ plane) décoller; (→ letter, parcel) partir;∎ I have to be getting off to work il faut que j'aille au travail;∎ figurative the project got off to a bad/good start le projet a pris un mauvais/bon départ∎ what time do you get off? à quelle heure finissez-vous?;∎ can you get off early tomorrow? peux-tu quitter le travail de bonne heure demain?(d) (escape punishment) s'en sortir, s'en tirer, en être quitte;∎ she didn't think she'd get off so lightly elle n'espérait pas s'en tirer à si bon compte;∎ the students got off with a fine/warning les étudiants en ont été quittes pour une amende/un avertissement(e) (let go of something) lâcher;∎ hey! get off! that's MY book! hé! laisse ça! c'est mon livre ou c'est à moi ce livre!(f) (go to sleep) s'endormir(a) (leave → bus, train, plane etc) descendre de(b) (descend from → bike, wall, chair etc) descendre de;∎ he got off his horse il est descendu de cheval;∎ if only the boss would get off my back si seulement le patron me fichait la paix(c) (depart from) partir de, décamper de;∎ get off my property fichez le camp de chez moi;∎ get off the grass! ne marche pas sur la pelouse!;∎ we got off the road to let the ambulance pass nous sommes sortis de la route pour laisser passer l'ambulance∎ get off me! laisse-moi tranquille!, lâche-moi!∎ she managed to get off work elle a réussi à se libérer;∎ how did you get off doing the housework? comment as-tu fait pour échapper au ménage?(a) (cause to leave, climb down) faire descendre;∎ get the cat off the table fais descendre le chat de (sur) la table;∎ the conductor got the passengers off the train le conducteur a fait descendre les passagers du train;∎ figurative try to get her mind off her troubles essaie de lui changer les idées∎ I want to get this letter off je veux expédier cette lettre ou mettre cette lettre à la poste;∎ she got the boys off to school elle a expédié ou envoyé les garçons à l'école;∎ we got him off on the morning train nous l'avons mis au train du matin∎ I can't get this ink off my hands je n'arrive pas à faire partir cette encre de mes mains;∎ get your hands off that cake! ne touche pas à ce gâteau!;∎ get your hands off me! ne me touche pas!;∎ get your feet off the table! enlève tes pieds de sur la table!;∎ figurative he'd like to get that house off his hands il aimerait bien se débarrasser de cette maison∎ he'll need a good lawyer to get him off il lui faudra un bon avocat pour se tirer d'affaire;∎ to get sb off doing sth dispenser qn de faire qch(e) (put to sleep) endormir;∎ I've just managed to get the baby off (to sleep) je viens de réussir à endormir le bébé∎ to get a day/week off prendre un jour/une semaine de congé;∎ can you get tomorrow afternoon/next week off? est-ce que tu peux prendre un congé demain après-midi/la semaine prochaine?∎ to get sth off sb obtenir qch de qn;∎ I got that story off the woman next door je tiens cette histoire de la voisine;∎ I got this cold off the woman next door la voisine m'a passé son rhume∎ he gets off on pornographic films il prend son pied en regardant des films pornos;∎ is that what you get off on? c'est comme ça que tu prends ton pied?;∎ figurative he gets off on teasing people il adore taquiner les gens□ ;∎ I really get off on hip-hop! j'adore le hip-hop!□∎ he gets off on heroin il se défonce à l'héroïne∎ to get off with sb faire une touche avec qn➲ get on(b) (fare, manage)∎ how's your husband getting on? comment va votre mari?;∎ how did he get on at the interview? comment s'est passé son entretien?, comment ça a marché pour son entretien?;∎ you'll get on far better if you think about it first tout ira mieux si tu réfléchis avant(c) (make progress) avancer, progresser;∎ Jennifer is getting on very well in maths Jennifer se débrouille très bien en maths;∎ how's your work getting on? ça avance, ton travail?∎ to get on in life or in the world faire son chemin ou réussir dans la vie;∎ some say that in order to get on, you often have to compromise il y a des gens qui disent que pour réussir (dans la vie), il faut souvent faire des compromis(e) (continue) continuer;∎ we must be getting on il faut que nous partions;∎ do you think we can get on with the meeting now? croyez-vous que nous puissions poursuivre notre réunion maintenant?;∎ get on with your work! allez! au travail!;∎ they got on with the job ils se sont remis au travail(f) (be on good terms) s'entendre;∎ my mother and I get on well je m'entends bien avec ma mère;∎ they don't get on ils ne s'entendent pas;∎ she's never got on with him elle ne s'est jamais entendue avec lui;∎ to be difficult/easy to get on with être difficile/facile à vivre(g) (grow late → time)∎ time's getting on il se fait tard;∎ it was getting on in the evening, the evening was getting on la soirée tirait à sa fin(h) (grow old → person) se faire vieux (vieille);∎ she's getting on (in years) elle commence à se faire vieille∎ get on with it! (continue speaking) continuez!; (continue working) allez! au travail!; (hurry up) mais dépêchez-vous enfin!;∎ familiar get on with you! (I don't believe you) à d'autres!(bus, train) monter dans; (plane) monter dans, monter à bord de; (ship) monter à bord de; (bed, horse, table, bike) monter sur;∎ he got on his bike il est monté sur ou il a enfourché son vélo;∎ get on your feet levez-vous, mettez-vous debout;∎ how did these papers get on my desk? comment est-ce que ces papiers se sont retrouvés ou sont arrivés sur mon bureau?;∎ figurative it took the patient a while to get (back) on his feet le patient a mis longtemps à se remettre∎ they got him on his feet ils l'ont mis debout;∎ figurative the doctor got her on her feet le médecin l'a remise sur pied∎ I can't get these trousers on any more je n'entre plus dans ce pantalon∎ to get it on (get started) s'y mettre□∎ the president is getting on for sixty le président approche de la soixantaine ou a presque soixante ans;∎ it's getting on for midnight il est presque minuit, il n'est pas loin de minuit;∎ it's getting on for three weeks since we saw her ça va faire bientôt trois semaines que nous ne l'avons pas vue;∎ there were getting on for ten thousand demonstrators il n'y avait pas loin ou il y avait près de dix mille manifestants➲ get onto∎ to get onto a subject or onto a topic aborder un sujet;∎ how did we get onto reincarnation? comment est-ce qu'on en est venus à parler de réincarnation?;∎ I'll get right onto it! je vais m'y mettre tout de suite!(c) (contact) prendre contact avec, se mettre en rapport avec; (speak to) parler à; (call) téléphoner à, donner un coup de fil à∎ the plan worked well until the police got onto it le plan marchait bien jusqu'à ce que la police tombe dessus(e) (nag, rebuke) harceler;∎ his father is always getting onto him to find a job son père est toujours à le harceler pour qu'il trouve du travail∎ he got onto the school board il a été élu au conseil d'administration de l'école(b) (cause to talk about) faire parler de, amener à parler de;∎ we got him onto (the subject of) his activities in the Resistance nous l'avons amené à parler de ses activités dans la Résistance➲ get out(a) (leave building, room etc) sortir; (leave vehicle) descendre; (leave organization, town) quitter;∎ he got out of the car il est sorti de la voiture;∎ to get out of bed se lever, sortir de son lit;∎ you'd better get out of here tu ferais bien de partir ou sortir;∎ get out! sortez!;∎ to get out while the going is good partir au bon moment∎ they don't get out much ils ne sortent pas beaucoup(c) (be released from prison, hospital) sortir(d) (information, news) se répandre, s'ébruiter;∎ the secret got out le secret a été éventé∎ the prisoner got out of his cell le prisonnier s'est échappé de sa cellule;∎ he was lucky to get out alive il a eu de la chance de s'en sortir vivant∎ theaters were getting out les gens sortaient des théâtres∎ to get a book out from the library emprunter un livre à la bibliothèque(c) (speak with difficulty) prononcer, sortir;∎ I could barely get a word out c'est à peine si je pouvais dire ou prononcer ou sortir un mot;∎ familiar to get out from under s'en sortir□, s'en tirer□(d) (free → hostages etc) libérer∎ let's get out of here partons d'ici;∎ he managed to get out of the country (criminal, refugee) il a réussi à quitter le pays;∎ to get out of bed se lever;∎ to get out of prison/the army sortir de prison/quitter l'armée;∎ to get out of sb's way s'écarter du chemin de qn, faire place à qn;∎ very familiar get the hell out of here! fiche(-moi) le camp!∎ how did you get out of doing the dishes? comment as-tu pu échapper à la vaisselle?;∎ he tried to get out of helping me il a essayé de se débrouiller pour ne pas devoir m'aider;∎ we have to go, there's no getting out of it il faut qu'on y aille, il n'y a rien à faire ou il n'y a pas moyen d'y échapper;∎ there's no getting out of it, you were the better candidate il faut le reconnaître ou il n'y a pas à dire, vous étiez le meilleur candidat∎ to get out of trouble se tirer d'affaire;∎ they managed to get out of the clutches of the mafia ils ont réussi à se tirer des griffes de la mafia;∎ how can I get out of this mess? comment puis-je me tirer de ce pétrin?∎ to get out of (the habit of) doing sth perdre l'habitude de faire qch(a) (take out of) sortir de;∎ get the baby out of the house every now and then sors le bébé de temps en temps;∎ she got a handkerchief out of her handbag elle a sorti un mouchoir de son sac à main;∎ how many books did you get out of the library? combien de livres as-tu emprunté à ou sorti de la bibliothèque?∎ the lawyer got his client out of jail l'avocat a fait sortir son client de prison;∎ figurative the phone call got her out of having to talk to me le coup de fil lui a évité d'avoir à me parler;∎ he'll never get himself out of this one! il ne s'en sortira jamais!;∎ my confession got him out of trouble ma confession l'a tiré d'affaire(c) (extract → cork) sortir de; (→ nail, splinter) enlever de; (→ stain) faire partir de, enlever de;∎ I can't get the cork out of the bottle je n'arrive pas à déboucher la bouteille;∎ the police got a confession/the truth out of him la police lui a arraché une confession/la vérité;∎ we got the money out of him nous avons réussi à obtenir l'argent de lui;∎ I can't get anything out of him je ne peux rien tirer de lui;∎ I can't get the idea out of my mind je ne peux pas chasser cette idée de mon esprit(d) (gain from) gagner, retirer;∎ to get a lot out of sth tirer (un) grand profit de qch;∎ I didn't get much out of that class ce cours ne m'a pas apporté grand-chose, je n'ai pas retiré grand-chose de ce cours;∎ the job was difficult but she got something out of it la tâche était difficile, mais elle y a trouvé son compte ou en a tiré profit➲ get over(b) (recover from → illness) se remettre de, guérir de; (→ accident) se remettre de; (→ loss) se remettre de, se consoler de;∎ I'll never get over her je ne l'oublierai jamais;∎ he can't get over her death il n'arrive pas à se remettre de sa mort ou disparition;∎ we couldn't get over our surprise nous n'arrivions pas à nous remettre de notre surprise;∎ I can't get over how much he's grown! qu'est-ce qu'il a grandi, je n'en reviens pas!;∎ I can't get over it! je n'en reviens pas!;∎ he couldn't get over the fact that she had come back il n'en revenait pas qu'elle soit revenue;∎ I can't get over your having refused je n'en reviens pas que vous ayez refusé;∎ he'll get over it! il n'en mourra pas!∎ they soon got over their shyness ils ont vite oublié ou surmonté leur timidité(a) (cause to cross) faire traverser(b) (communicate → idea, message) faire passer∎ to get over to France/America aller en France/Amérique;∎ we'll try to get over next weekend (to visit) nous essayerons de venir vous voir le week-end prochain(b) (idea, message) passer(finish with) en finir avec;∎ let's get it over with finissons-en;∎ I expect you'll be glad to get it over with j'imagine que vous serez soulagé quand ce sera terminé∎ (bring, take) I'll get the books round (to you) as soon as I can je t'apporterai les livres dès que je le pourrai(b) the doctor said she'd get round as soon as she could le docteur a dit qu'elle viendrait ou passerait dès qu'elle pourrait;∎ I didn't manage to get round to each pupil in the class je n'ai pas réussi à m'occuper de chaque élève de la classe(a) (reach destination) parvenir;∎ the road was blocked and no one could get through la route était bloquée et personne ne pouvait passer;∎ they managed to get through to the wounded ils ont réussi à parvenir jusqu'aux blessés;∎ the letter got through to her la lettre lui est parvenue;∎ the message didn't get through le message n'est pas arrivé;∎ despite the crowds, I managed to get through malgré la foule, j'ai réussi à passer∎ the team got through to the final l'équipe s'est classée pour la finale(c) (bill, motion) passer, être adopté ou voté(d) (make oneself understood) se faire comprendre;∎ I can't seem to get through to her elle et moi ne sommes pas sur la même longueur d'onde∎ I can't get through to his office je n'arrive pas à avoir son bureau∎ call me when you get through appelez-moi quand vous aurez ou avez fini(a) (come through → hole, window) passer par; (→ crowd) se frayer un chemin à travers ou dans; (→ military lines) percer, franchir∎ he got through it alive il s'en est sorti (vivant)∎ I got through an enormous amount of work j'ai abattu beaucoup de travail;∎ it took us one week to get through the entire play il nous a fallu une semaine pour venir à bout de la pièce(d) (consume, use up) consommer, utiliser;∎ we get through a litre of olive oil a week nous utilisons un litre d'huile d'olive par semaine;∎ they got through their monthly salary in one week en une semaine ils avaient dépensé tout leur salaire du mois;∎ he gets through eight shirts a week il salit huit chemises par semaine;∎ we'll never get through all this food nous ne viendrons jamais à bout de toute cette nourriture(e) (endure, pass → time) faire passer;∎ how will I get through this without you? comment pourrai-je vivre cette épreuve sans toi?;∎ they got through the day without a single argument ils ne se sont pas disputés une seule fois de toute la journée;∎ the Government may have difficulty getting through another six months le gouvernement aura peut-être du mal à tenir encore six mois(g) (of bill, motion) passer;∎ the bill got through both Houses le projet de loi a été adopté par les deux Chambres(a) (transport, send successfully) faire parvenir;∎ they got the food supplies through ils ont réussi à faire parvenir les provisions alimentaires (à destination);∎ to get sth through customs (faire) passer qch à la douane;∎ you'll never get that desk through tu n'arriveras jamais à faire passer ce bureau(b) (transmit → message) faire passer, transmettre, faire parvenir;∎ can you get this letter through to my family? pouvez-vous transmettre ou faire parvenir cette lettre à ma famille?∎ I finally got it through to him that I wasn't interested j'ai fini par lui faire comprendre que je n'étais pas intéressé;∎ familiar when will you get it through your thick head that I don't want to go? quand est-ce que tu vas enfin comprendre que je ne veux pas y aller?□(d) (bill, motion) faire adopter, faire passer;∎ the party got the bill through the Senate le parti a fait voter ou adopter le projet de loi par le Sénat∎ it was your essay that got you through (the exam) c'est grâce à ta dissertation que tu as réussi l'examen∎ I need four cups of coffee to get me through the day il me faut mes quatre tasses de café par jourterminer, finir∎ where have you got to? (in book, work) où en es-tu?;∎ it got to the point where he couldn't walk another step il en est arrivé au point de ne plus pouvoir faire un pas(b) (deal with) s'occuper de;∎ I'll get to you in a minute je suis à toi ou je m'occupe de toi dans quelques secondes;∎ he'll get to it tomorrow il va s'en occuper demain∎ that music really gets to me (moves me) cette musique me touche vraiment□ ; (annoys me) cette musique me tape sur le système;∎ don't let it get to you! ne t'énerve pas pour ça!∎ can we get together after the meeting? on peut se retrouver après la réunion?(b) (reach an agreement) se mettre d'accord;∎ the committee got together on the date les membres du comité se sont entendus ou se sont mis d'accord sur la date;∎ you'd better get together with him on the proposal vous feriez bien de vous entendre avec lui au sujet de la proposition∎ to get some money together réunir une somme d'argent;∎ let me get my thoughts together laissez-moi rassembler mes idées;∎ familiar to get one's act together se secouer;∎ familiar she's really got it together (in life) elle sait ce qu'elle fait□ ; (in job etc) elle domine son sujet□ ;∎ familiar I never thought he would get it together je n'aurais jamais pensé qu'il y arriverait□➲ get up(a) (arise from bed) se lever;∎ it was 6 o'clock when we got up il était 6 heures quand nous nous sommes levés;∎ I like to get up late on Sundays j'aime faire la grasse matinée le dimanche;∎ get up! sors du lit!, debout!, lève-toi!(b) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;∎ she had to get up from her chair elle a été obligée de se lever de sa chaise;∎ to get up from the table se lever ou sortir de table;∎ get up off the floor! relève-toi!;∎ please don't bother getting up restez assis, je vous prie(c) (climb up) monter;∎ they got up on the roof ils sont montés sur le toit;∎ she got up behind him on the motorcycle elle est montée derrière lui sur la moto∎ get up! allez!∎ how are we going to get this desk up to the fifth floor? comment allons-nous monter ce bureau jusqu'au cinquième étage?;∎ to get sb up the stairs (help climb) aider qn à monter l'escalier(c) (generate, work up)∎ to get up speed gagner de la vitesse;∎ to get one's courage up rassembler son courage;∎ I can't get up any enthusiasm for the job je n'arrive pas à éprouver d'enthousiasme pour ce travail(d) familiar (organize → entertainment, party) organiser□, monter□ ; (→ petition) organiser□ ; (→ play) monter□ ; (→ excuse, story) fabriquer□, forger□∎ their children are always so nicely got up leurs enfants sont toujours si bien habillés;∎ to get oneself up se mettre sur son trente et un∎ to get it up bander∎ he gets up to all kinds of mischief il fait des tas de bêtises;∎ what have you been getting up to lately? qu'est-ce que tu deviens?∎ I've got up to chapter 5 j'en suis au chapitre 5;∎ where have you got up to? (in book, work) où en êtes-vous? -
9 hand
{hænd}
I. 1. n анат. ръка (от китката надолу), предна лапа (на животно), прен. ръка, пръст, власт, отговорност
the-of God пръст божи
to have a HAND in something имам пръст в нещо
open HAND щедра/широка ръка
with open HAND с широка ръка, щедро
heavy/iron HAND желязна ръка, тирания, деспотизъм
HANDs off не пипай
HANDs off...! долу ръцете от...! HANDs up! горе ръцете! предай се! here's my HAND on it ето ръката ми, съгласен съм
to give one's HAND (up) on it обещавам тържествено, вричам се
with a sparing HAND икономично, пестеливо
to be ip someone's HANDs в ръцете/властта съм на иякого
to bite the HAND that feeds you показвам черна неблагодарност
l can't lay/put my HAND on it не мога да то намеря/открия
to get something off one's HANDs отървавам се от нещо, махам го от главата си
to take something off someone's HANDs освобождавам/отървавам някого от грижата за нещо
to take something out of someone's HAND снемам отговорността за нещо от някого
she's off my HANDs нямам повече грижа за нея
to lend/give/bear someone a (helping) HAND помагам някому
to give one's HAND to давам ръката си на, съгласявам се да се оженя за
to go on o/s HANDs and knees лазя на четири краха (при търсене на нещо), прен. моля коленопреклонно
to have one's HANDs full имам много работа/грижи
to have someone in the hollow of one's HAND държа някого в ръцете си, имам пълна власт над някого
to lift (up) /rafae one's HAND against someone вдигам ръка срещу някого
2. в обстоятелствени изрази
at HAND наблизо, под ръка, на разположение
winter is at HAND зимата наближава
at someone's HAND (s) от (страна на)
I did not expect such treatment at your HANDs не очаквах такова отношение от ваша страна/от вас
by HAND ръчно, с ръка
to bring up/feed by HAND отглеждам с биберон, храня изкуствено, на ръка, по човек/куриер
from HAND to HAND от ръка на ръка, от човек на човек, от един собственик на друг
to live from HAND to mouth живея ден за ден, каквото изчукам изпукам
... in HAND с... в ръка
hat in HAND с шапка в ръка, наличен, разглеждан (за въпрос)
to take something /someone in HAND заемам се с нещо/някого
to have in HAND имам (на разположение)
to be in HAND започнат съм (за работа)
3. сръчност, умение, ръка, майсторство
to give/put the last HAND to something довършвам/доизкусурявам/слагам последните щрихи на нещо
to get one's HAND in свиквам (с работа и пр.)
to keep one's HAND in упражнявам се, поддържам си формата
to have one's HAND in във форма съм
his HAND is out отвикнал е, не е във форма, позабравил е
4. майстор, автор
to be a good/great/dab HAND at голям майстор съм в/на, бива ме в
to be a new HAND at новак съм в
an old HAND опитен човек, специалист, рецидивист
two portraits by the same HAND два портрета от същия автор
5. работник, работна ръка, моряк
ship's HANDs екипаж на кораб
HANDs wanted търсят се работници
6. източник
at first/second HAND от първа/втора ръка (за сведения и пр.)
7. почерк
to write (in) a small HAND пиша ситно/дребно
in one's own HAND със собствената си ръка/почерк, собственоръчно
8. подпис
to set one's HAND to слагам подписа си на
under your HAND and seal с вашия подпис и лечат
9. страна
on the right/left HAND отдясно/отляво, от дясната/лявата страна
on all HANDs, on every HAND от всички страни
fact admitted on all HANDs всепризнат факт
on the one HAND..., on the other HAND... от една страна..., (а) от друга...
on either HAND от двете страни
10. карти ръка, карти (които получава всеки играч)
to hold one's HAND пасувам, въздържам се
to call/decare/show one's HAND откривам/разкривам картите си (и прен.)
to force someone's HAND принуждавам някого да си разкрие картите (и прен.), принуждавам някого да действува прибързано/против убежденията си
to play a good HAND играя добре
to play for one's own HAND
11. карти играч
the elder/eldest HAND играч, който започва първи
12. карти игра, партия
let's have a HAND at bridge да изиграем една партия бридж
13. мярка за измерване височината на кон (около 10 см)
14. стрелка (на часовник), крило (на семафор), стрелка (на пътен знак)
15. театр. разг. аплодисменти, овации
to get a good/big HAND имам голям успех, посрещат ме с бурни аплодисменти
to give someone a good/big HAND посрещам някого с бурни ръкопляскания, аплодирам някого бурно
16. аttr ръчен, портативен
направляван с ръка HAND of bananas кичур банани
HAND of tobacco шепа тютюневи листа
II. 1. (пре) давам, връчвам (to)
2. подавам, поднасям
3. мор. свивам, прибирам (платно)* * *{hand} n l. анат. ръка (от китката надолу); предна лапа (на живо(2) {'hand} v 1. (пре)давам, връчвам (to); 2. подавам; поднасям;* * *страна; стрелка; ръчен; ръка; почерк; портативен; връчвам;* * *1.... in hand с... в ръка 2. 1 аttr ръчен, портативен 3. 1 карти игра, партия 4. 1 карти играч 5. 1 мярка за измерване височината на кон (около 10 см) 6. 1 стрелка (на часовник), крило (на семафор), стрелка (на пътен знак) 7. 1 театр. разг. аплодисменти, овации 8. an old hand опитен човек, специалист, рецидивист 9. at first/second hand от първа/втора ръка (за сведения и пр.) 10. at hand наблизо, под ръка, на разположение 11. at someone's hand (s) от (страна на) 12. by hand ръчно, с ръка 13. fact admitted on all hands всепризнат факт 14. from hand to hand от ръка на ръка, от човек на човек, от един собственик на друг 15. hand of tobacco шепа тютюневи листа 16. hands off... ! долу ръцете от... ! hands up! горе ръцете! предай се! here's my hand on it ето ръката ми, съгласен съм 17. hands off не пипай 18. hands wanted търсят се работници 19. hat in hand с шапка в ръка, наличен, разглеждан (за въпрос) 20. heavy/iron hand желязна ръка, тирания, деспотизъм 21. his hand is out отвикнал е, не е във форма, позабравил е 22. i did not expect such treatment at your hands не очаквах такова отношение от ваша страна/от вас 23. i. n анат. ръка (от китката надолу), предна лапа (на животно), прен. ръка, пръст, власт, отговорност 24. ii. (пре) давам, връчвам (to) 25. in one's own hand със собствената си ръка/почерк, собственоръчно 26. l can't lay/put my hand on it не мога да то намеря/открия 27. let's have a hand at bridge да изиграем една партия бридж 28. on all hands, on every hand от всички страни 29. on either hand от двете страни 30. on the one hand..., on the other hand... от една страна..., (а) от друга.. 31. on the right/left hand отдясно/отляво, от дясната/лявата страна 32. open hand щедра/широка ръка 33. she's off my hands нямам повече грижа за нея 34. ship's hands екипаж на кораб 35. the elder/eldest hand играч, който започва първи 36. the-of god пръст божи 37. to be a good/great/dab hand at голям майстор съм в/на, бива ме в 38. to be a new hand at новак съм в 39. to be in hand започнат съм (за работа) 40. to be ip someone's hands в ръцете/властта съм на иякого 41. to bite the hand that feeds you показвам черна неблагодарност 42. to bring up/feed by hand отглеждам с биберон, храня изкуствено, на ръка, по човек/куриер 43. to call/decare/show one's hand откривам/разкривам картите си (и прен.) 44. to force someone's hand принуждавам някого да си разкрие картите (и прен.), принуждавам някого да действува прибързано/против убежденията си 45. to get a good/big hand имам голям успех, посрещат ме с бурни аплодисменти 46. to get one's hand in свиквам (с работа и пр.) 47. to get something off one's hands отървавам се от нещо, махам го от главата си 48. to give one's hand (up) on it обещавам тържествено, вричам се 49. to give one's hand to давам ръката си на, съгласявам се да се оженя за 50. to give someone a good/big hand посрещам някого с бурни ръкопляскания, аплодирам някого бурно 51. to give/put the last hand to something довършвам/доизкусурявам/слагам последните щрихи на нещо 52. to go on o/s hands and knees лазя на четири краха (при търсене на нещо), прен. моля коленопреклонно 53. to have a hand in something имам пръст в нещо 54. to have in hand имам (на разположение) 55. to have one's hand in във форма съм 56. to have one's hands full имам много работа/грижи 57. to have someone in the hollow of one's hand държа някого в ръцете си, имам пълна власт над някого 58. to hold one's hand пасувам, въздържам се 59. to keep one's hand in упражнявам се, поддържам си формата 60. to lend/give/bear someone a (helping) hand помагам някому 61. to lift (up) /rafae one's hand against someone вдигам ръка срещу някого 62. to live from hand to mouth живея ден за ден, каквото изчукам изпукам 63. to play a good hand играя добре 64. to play for one's own hand 65. to set one's hand to слагам подписа си на 66. to take something /someone in hand заемам се с нещо/някого 67. to take something off someone's hands освобождавам/отървавам някого от грижата за нещо 68. to take something out of someone's hand снемам отговорността за нещо от някого 69. to write (in) a small hand пиша ситно/дребно 70. two portraits by the same hand два портрета от същия автор 71. under your hand and seal с вашия подпис и лечат 72. winter is at hand зимата наближава 73. with a sparing hand икономично, пестеливо 74. with open hand с широка ръка, щедро 75. в обстоятелствени изрази 76. източник 77. карти ръка, карти (които получава всеки играч) 78. майстор, автор 79. мор. свивам, прибирам (платно) 80. направляван с ръка hand of bananas кичур банани 81. подавам, поднасям 82. подпис 83. почерк 84. работник, работна ръка, моряк 85. сръчност, умение, ръка, майсторство 86. страна* * *hand[hænd] I. n 1. ръка (от китката надолу); предна лапа на животно; прен. ръка, власт; • the \hand of God пръст Божи; an open \hand щедра (широка) ръка; a light \hand лека ръка, ловкост, сръчност; деликатност, такт; a heavy ( iron) \hand прен. желязна ръка; тирания, деспотизъм; dead \hand 1) негативно влияние, "спирачка"; 2) = mortmain; to win \hands down побеждавам (спечелвам победа) без всякакви усилия; \hands off не пипай! \hands up горе ръцете! предай се! вдигнете ръцете! (за гласуване); here's my \hand on it ето ръката ми, съгласен съм; обещавам; to give up o.'s \hand (up)on s.th. обещавам тържествено, вричам се; in the turn( ing) of a \hand мигновено, докато усетиш; a show of \hands гласуване с вдигане на ръка, открито (явно) гласоподаване; a high \hand арогантност, надменност; нахалство; произвол; деспотично държание ( отношение); to carry off with a high \hand върша ( нещо) произволно; with a sparing \hand икономично, пестеливо; with both \hands с все сила; to bite the \hand that feeds you показвам черна неблагодарност; to change \hands минавам от една ръка в друга (от един собственик в друг); to fold o.'s \hands скръствам ръце (и прен.); бездействам, нищо не правя; to gain ( have, get) the upper \hand, to have the better (ост. the higher) \hand удържам победа, вземам надмощие (връх) (над); to take s.th. off s.o.'s \hands освобождавам (отървам) някого от грижата за нещо; the children are off my \hands now вече не е необходимо да се грижа за децата; to give a helping \hand to s.o., to bear ( lend, give) s.o. a \hand помагам на някого; to give o.'s \hand to давам ръката си на, съгласявам се да се оженя за; to give s.o. the glad \hand ам. посрещам (приемам) топло (сърдечно); to give s.o. a free \hand давам картбланш някому; to go on o.'s \hands and knees лазя на четири крака; time hangs heavily on my \hands чудя се какво да правя с времето си, времето ми минава много бавно; to have a \hand like a foot насърчен съм; to have a \hand in s.th. имам пръст в нещо; to have ( keep) o.'s \hand in във форма съм; to have o.'s \hands full имам много работа (грижи); to have o.'s \hands tied вързани ми са ръцете (и прен.); to have s.o. in the hollow ( palm) of o.'s \hand държа някого в ръцете си, имам пълна власт над някого; to lay \hands on хващам, пипвам, слагам ръка на; to lay violent \hands on хващам насила; употребявам насилие спрямо; to lay violent \hands on o.s. посягам (слагам край) на живота си; to lift ( lift up, put forth, raise, stretch forth) o.'s \hand against s.o. вдигам ръка срещу някого; not to lift a \hand не си мръдвам пръста; to live by o.'s \hands изкарвам си хляба със собствените си ръце (труд); to live from \hand to mouth живея от ден за ден; каквото изчуквам, изпуквам; to put o.'s \hand to the plough залавям се за работа; to receive s.th. at the \hands of s.o. получавам нещо от (ръцете на) някого; to set ( put) o.'s \hands at a task започвам (заемам се, залавям се с) работа; to strengthen s.o.'s \hand подпомагам (оказвам помощ на) някого; to give s.o. a big \hand аплодирам шумно (ентусиазирано); to sit on o.'s \hands аплодирам вяло (без ентусиазъм); бездействам, седя със скръстени ръце; to take ( lead) s.o. by the \hand хващам (водя) някого за ръка; to take a \hand in намесвам се в, участвам в; to try o.'s \hand at опитвам се в, опитвам си силите в; to turn o.'s \hand to върша, заемам се с; he can turn his \hand to anything за всичко го бива; всякаква работа може да върши; to wash o.'s \hands (of) прен. измивам си ръцете, свалям от себе си отговорността (за); 2. в обстоят. изрази: at \hand наблизо, под ръка; winter is at \hand зимата наближава; close ( near) at \hand близко (по време или място); by \hand с ръка, на ръка; made by \hand ръчна изработка; to bring up ( feed) a child by \hand отглеждам дете с биберон, храня изкуствено; to send a letter by \hand изпращам писмо по човек (по куриер); from \hand to \hand от ръка на ръка, от човек на човек, от един собственик на друг; in \hand 1) с ... в ръка; hat in \hand с шапка в ръка; 2) наличен; cash ( stock) in \hand налични суми (стоки); the question ( matter) in \hand разглежданият въпрос; to take s.th. in \hand заемам се с нещо; to have in \hand имам на разположение, разполагам с; контролирам, държа под контрол; to have a piece of work in \hand работя върху нещо; the business is in \hand въпросът се разглежда; to keep a horse well in \hand здраво държа юздите на кон, здраво управлявам кон; to keep o.s. well in \hand владея се; the situation is well in \hand положението е овладяно; to be in \hand принуден съм да върна топката в полукръга, от който съм започнал (в билярда); off \hand вж offhand; on \hand наличен, на разположение, на склад; supplies on \hand налични запаси; work on \hand текуща работа, работа, с която се занимавам в момента; to have s.th. on o.'s \hands имам да свършвам (да се грижа за) нещо; to have an hour on o.'s \hands имам един час свободно време; out of \hand изведнъж, без подготовка, изненадващо; който не може да се контролира, изтърван; to shoot s.o. out of \hand застрелвам някого веднага, без много да се церемоня (без да ми мигне окото); to get out of \hand преставам да се подчинявам на дисциплина; разхайтвам се, разгащвам се; to \hand: to come to \hand пристига, получава се (за писмо и пр.); намира се, излиза; ready to o.'s \hand наблизо, под ръка, на разположение; \hand and glove, \hand in glove много близък, интимен ( with, together); \hand and foot: to serve ( wait on) s.o. \hand and foot угаждам на някого, изпълнявам всички прищевки на някого; \hand in \hand ръка за ръка; в съгласие; \hand over \hand ( fist) много бързо; \hand to \hand ръкопашен (за бой); 3. работник, работничка, работна ръка; моряк; майстор; \hands wanted търсят се работници; factory \hands, field \hands фабрични (земеделски) работници; a ship's \hands екипаж на кораб; all \hands on deck! целият екипаж (всички) на палубата! to be a good ( great) \hand at голям майстор съм в (на), бива ме в; to be a new \hand at новак съм в; to be an old \hand опитен човек; рецидивист; безстрашен (дързък, нахален) човек; green \hand новак, неопитен работник; 4. източник; at first ( second) \hand от първа (втора) ръка (за сведения и пр.); 5. почерк; a big ( small, round) \hand едър (дребен, закръглен) почерк; to write (in) a small \hand пиша ситно (дребно); in o.'s own \hand със собствената си ръка (почерк); собственоръчно; 6. подпис; to set o.'s \hand to слагам подписа си на; under your \hand and seal с Вашия подпис и печат; 7. страна; on the right/left \hand отдясно (ляво), от дясната (лявата) страна; on all \hands, on every \hand от всички страни; a fact admitted on all \hands всепризнат факт; on the one ( the other) \hand от една (от друга) страна; on either \hand от двете страни; 8. карти ръка (карти, които получава всеки играч); to have a wretched \hand имам лоши (ужасни) карти; to call ( declare, show) o.'s \hand откривам (разкривам) си картите (и прен.); to force s.o.'s \hand принуждавам някого да си разкрие картите (и прен.); a nap \hand хубави (отлични) карти; прен. изгодно положение; to play a good \hand играя добре; to play into one another's \hands помагаме си, поддържаме се, подкрепяме се; to overplay o.'s \hands отивам твърде далеч; to play a lone \hand действам сам; to play into s.o.'s \hand наливам вода в чужда мелница; to play o.'s \hand for all it is worth използвам напълно възможностите си, пускам в ход всички средства; to throw in o.'s \hand отказвам се, предавам се, вдигам ръце; the elder ( younger) \hand играч, който започва първи (втори) (когато играят двама); the eldest ( youngest) \hand играч, който започва първи (последен) (когато играят повече от двама); 9. игра, партия; let's have a \hand of poker да изиграем една партия покер; 10. мярка (около 10 см) за измерване височина на кон; 11. стрелка (на часовник); крило (на семафор); стрела (на пътен знак); изображение на ръка с насочен пръст; 12. театр. sl аплодисменти; овации; big \hand посрещам някого с бурни аплодисменти, аплодирам някого бурно; 13. тех. характеристика на режещ инструмент (ляв, десен); 14. тех. направление (напр. на винтова линия)м 15. ам. хенд (единица за дължина: 101,6 mm); 16. attr ръчен; портативен; който се направлява с ръка; \hand luggage ръчен багаж; \hand stoking ръчно палене; • a \hand of bananas кичур банани; a \hand of tobacco една шепа тютюневи листа; Bloody H. хералд. червена ръка (емблема на баронет); II. v 1. (пре)давам, връчвам (to); 2. подавам; 3. изпращам (с писмо и пр.); • to \hand it to s.o. признавам превъзходството на някого; for craft we must \hand it to him трябва да признаем, че по майсторлък ни надминава; to \hand a sail мор. свивам (прибирам) платно; -
10 admit
1. v признавать, допускатьI admit it to be true — я признаю, что это правда
you must admit that he is right — вы должны признать, что он прав
to admit a claim — признавать претензию, требование
2. v признавать; признаваться, сознаваться3. v впускать; допускать4. v давать право на входthe ticket admits one — это билет на одно лицо, по этому билету может пройти один человек
5. v принимать в члены6. v давать допуск; предоставлять право на должность или на привилегии7. v вмещать8. v книжн. допускать, позволятьСинонимический ряд:1. accept (verb) accept; receive; take; take in2. acknowledge (verb) acknowledge; agree; avow; bare; confess; declare; disclose; divulge; fess up; hold; let on; own; own up; own up to; recognise; recognize3. allow to enter (verb) afford access to; allow to enter; entertain; give access; grant admittance; grant entrance to; let in; permit entrance; welcome4. enter (verb) enter; introduce5. permit (verb) agree to; allow; assent; bear; concede; grant; let; permitАнтонимический ряд:deny; disallow; disavow; discharge; dismiss; disown; dispute; dissent; eject; exclude; expel; oust; refuse -
11 accès
accès [aksε]masculine noun• d'accès difficile [lieu] hard to get to ; [personne] not very approachable ; [manuel] not easily understoodb. ( = entrée) entrancec. ( = crise) [de colère, folie] fit ; [de fièvre] attack* * *aksɛnom masculin invariable1) (moyen, possibilité d'atteindre) accessd'un accès facile — easy to get to; [personne] approachable/unapproachable
l'accès au village — ( possibilité d'atteindre) access to the village; ( moyen d'atteindre) the way into the village
cela donne accès à — ( mener) it leads to
toutes les voies d'accès sont barrées — ( routes) all approach roads are closed off
‘accès aux quais’ — ‘to the trains’
2) ( moyen d'entrer)3) ( droit d'entrée)‘accès interdit’ — ‘no entry’
‘accès interdit aux chiens’ — ‘no dogs (allowed)’
4) (possibilité d'obtenir, utiliser) access7) ( crise)8) Informatique access* * *aksɛ1. nm1) (à un lieu) accessl'accès aux quais est interdit aux personnes non munies d'un billet — ticket-holders only on platforms, no access to platforms without a ticket
"Accès aux quais" — "To the trains"
d'accès facile [lieu] — easy to get to, easily accessible, fig, [œuvre] accessible
d'accès malaisé [lieu] — not easy to get to, not easily accessible, fig, [œuvre] not very accessible
donner accès à [lieu] — to give access to, [carrière] to open the door to
2) (à des informations, un poste, un statut, des soins) access3) (à une personne) accessIl avait accès auprès du ministre. — He had access to the minister.
4) INFORMATIQUE (à internet) access5) MÉDECINEaccès de toux — coughing fit, bout of coughing
2. accès nmpl(= routes) means of access, approaches* * *accès nm inv1 (moyen, possibilité d'atteindre) access; moyens d'accès means of access; être facile d'accès or d'un accès facile to be easy to get to; être difficile d'accès or d'un accès difficile to be difficult to get to; être facile d'accès avec une voiture to be easily accessible ou easy to get to by car; être d'un accès facile/difficile [personne] to be approachable/unapproachable; l'accès au village ( possibilité d'atteindre) access to the village; ( moyen d'atteindre) the way into the village, the road leading to the village; l'accès au roi access to the king; cela donne accès à ( mener) it leads to; toutes les voies d'accès sont barrées ( portes) all entrances are sealed off; ( routes) all approach roads are closed off; ‘accès aux quais’ ‘to the trains’;2 ( moyen d'entrer) l'accès à access to; les accès du bâtiment the entrances to the building; les accès de la ville the approach roads ou approaches to the town;3 ( droit d'entrée) ne pas avoir accès à not to be admitted to; interdire l'accès aux enfants not to admit children; il s'est vu refuser l'accès de la maison he was not allowed into the house; ‘accès interdit’ ‘no entry’, ‘no admittance’; ‘accès interdit aux visiteurs’ ‘visitors not admitted’; ‘accès interdit aux chiens’ ‘no dogs (allowed)’; ‘accès réservé au personnel or au service’ ‘staff only’;4 (possibilité d'obtenir, d'utiliser) access; avoir accès à to have access to [documents, fonds, soins médicaux]; ne pas avoir libre accès aux médias not to have free access to the media;5 ( possibilité de participer à) l'accès à access to [profession, cours]; admission to [club, grande école]; barrer l'accès d'une profession aux femmes to keep women out of a profession; ouvrir l'accès d'une profession aux femmes to open up a profession to women; faciliter l'accès à une profession to open up a profession;6 ( possibilité de comprendre) être d'un accès facile to be accessible; être d'un accès difficile not to be very accessible;7 ( crise) accès de colère fit of anger; accès de fièvre bout of fever; accès d'enthousiasme burst of enthusiasm; par accès by fits and starts;8 Ordinat access; accès aléatoire/séquentiel random/sequential access; voie d'accès à access path to.[aksɛ] nom masculin1. [entrée] accessun accès direct à ou sur la route direct access to the road‘accès interdit’ ‘no entry’, ‘no admittance’‘accès réservé aux voyageurs munis de billets’ ‘ticket-holders only’‘accès réservé au personnel’ ‘staff only’d'accès facile, facile d'accèsa. [lieu] accessibleb. [île] easy to get toc. [personne] approachabled. [œuvre] accessibled'accès difficile, difficile d'accèsa. [lieu] hard to get tob. [personne] not very approachable, unapproachablec. [œuvre] difficultavoir accès à [lieu, études, profession] to have access toa. [lieu] to lead tob. [musée, exposition] to allow entry toc. [études, profession] to lead to, to open the way to‘accès aux trains ou quais’ ‘to the trains’3. [crise de folie, de jalousie] fitun accès de colère a fit of anger, an angry outburstaccès aléatoire/direct random/direct accesspar accès locution adverbiale -
12 partir
partir [paʀtiʀ]➭ TABLE 16━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━intransitive verba. ( = aller, quitter un lieu) to go ; ( = s'éloigner) to go away• es-tu prêt à partir ? are you ready to go?• nos voisins sont partis il y a six mois our neighbours left or went six months ago• quand partez-vous pour Paris ? when are you leaving for Paris?• les voilà partis ! they're off!• partons de l'hypothèse que... let's assume that...• en partant de ce principe... on that basis...b. ( = démarrer) [moteur] to start ; [train] to leavec. ( = être lancé) [fusée] to go up ; [coup de feu] to go offd. ( = être engagé) partir sur une mauvaise piste to start off on the wrong track• quand ils sont partis à discuter, il y en a pour des heures (inf) once they've got going on one of their discussions, they're at it for hours (inf)e. ( = disparaître) [tache] to come out ; [bouton de vêtement] to come off ; [douleur, rougeurs, boutons, odeur] to gof. ► à partir de from• à partir du moment où... ( = dès que) as soon as... ; ( = pourvu que) as long as...• pantalons à partir de 100 € trousers from 100 euros* * *paʀtiʀ
1.
verbe intransitif1) ( quitter un lieu) [personne] to leave, to gopartez devant, je vous rejoins — go on ahead, I'll catch you up
partir en courant/boitant/hurlant — to run off/to limp off/to go off screaming
partir fâché — to go off in a huff (colloq)
partir sans laisser d'adresse — ( sans laisser de traces) to disappear without trace
2) ( pour une destination) to gopartir pour le Mexique/l'Australie — to leave for Mexico/Australia
ils sont partis en Écosse en stop — ( ils sont encore en voyage) they're hitchhiking to Scotland; ( dans le passé) they hitchhiked to Scotland
partir à la guerre/au front — to go off to war/to the front
partir en tournée — to set off on tour GB ou on a tour
3) ( se mettre en mouvement) [personne, voiture, car, train] to leave; [avion] to take off; [moteur] to startje pars — I'm off, I'm leaving
à vos marques, prêts, partez! — on your marks, get set, go!
4) ( être projeté) [flèche, balle] to be fired; [bouchon] to shoot out; [capsule] to shoot off; [réplique] to slip outelle était tellement énervée que la gifle est partie toute seule — she was so angry that she slapped him/her before she realized what she was doing ou before she could stop herself
5) ( commencer) [chemin, route] to startles avenues qui partent de la place de l'Étoile — the avenues which radiate outwards from the Place de l'Étoile
partir favori — [concurrent, candidat] to start favourite [BrE]
partir dernier — ( dans une course) to start last
c'est parti! — ( ordre) go!
et voilà, c'est parti (colloq), il pleut! — here we go, it's raining!
être bien parti — [coureur, cheval, projet, travail, personne] to have got GB ou gotten US off to a good start
c'est mal parti — (colloq) things don't look too good, it doesn't look too promising
il a l'air parti (colloq) pour réussir — he seems to be heading for success
le mauvais temps est parti (colloq) pour durer — it looks as if the bad weather is here to stay
6) ( se fonder)partir de — to start from [idée, observation]
7) ( s'enlever) [tache, saleté] to come out; [émail, peinture] to come off; [odeur] to go; [bouton, écusson, décoration] to come off8) ( être expédié) [colis, candidature] to be sent (off)9) ( se lancer)quand il est parti (colloq) on ne l'arrête plus — once he starts ou gets going there's no stopping him
10) ( mourir) euph to go, to pass away euph
2.
à partir de locution prépositive fromà partir du moment où — ( sens temporel) as soon as; ( sens conditionnel) as long as
à partir de là, tout a basculé — from then on everything changed radically
* * *paʀtiʀ vi1) (aller vers un lieu) to goJ'aimerais partir quelque part au soleil. — I'd like to go somewhere sunny.
Si vous partez pour un long voyage, n'oubliez pas de... — If you go off on a long trip, don't forget to..., If you go away on a long trip, don't forget to...
Ils sont partis hier pour le Japon. — They went off to Japan yesterday.
Il est parti à Londres pour apprendre l'anglais. — He's gone to London to learn English.
2) (quitter un lieu) to go, to leavePartez, vous allez être en retard. — You should go, or you'll be late., You should leave, or you'll be late.
Je peux partir? — Can I go now?, Can I leave now?
Il est parti à sept heures. — He left at 7 o'clock., He went at 7 o'clock.
Je lui ai téléphoné mais il était déjà parti. — I phoned him but he'd already gone., I phoned him but he'd already left.
Il est parti de Nice à sept heures. — He left Nice at 7 o'clock.
3) (s'éloigner d'un lieu) to go away, to go off, (en voiture) to drive away, to drive offIls sont partis à toute allure. — They drove off at high speed.
4) (= commencer)partir de [hypothèse, principe] — to start from, [élément d'une suite] to start from
la numérotation part de la première page de texte — the numbering starts from the first page of the text
5) [moteur] to start6) [pétard] to go off7) [bouchon, toute pièce insérée] to come out8) [bouton, toute pièce attachée ou fixée] to come off9) [tache, marque] to come offà partir de; à partir de ce moment — from then on
Je serai chez moi à partir de huit heures. — I'll be at home from eight o'clock onwards.
À partir de Verneuil, c'est plus boisé. — After Verneuil, it's more forested.
C'est fait à partir de graisse de marmotte. — It's made from marmot fat.
À partir de là, tout est possible. — If that's the case, anything's possible.
* * *partir verb table: partirA vi1 ( quitter un lieu) [personne] to leave, to go; partir sans manger to leave ou go without eating; partez devant, je vous rejoins go on ahead, I'll catch you up; tu pars déjà? are you leaving already?; partir à pied/en voiture/en avion to leave on foot/in a car/in a plane; est-ce qu'ils sont partis en avion ou en train? did they fly or did they take the train?; il est parti en ville à bicyclette he went to town on his bicycle; il est parti il y a cinq minutes he left five minutes ago; ils sont partis en Écosse en stop ( ils sont encore en voyage) they're hitchhiking to Scotland; ( dans le passé) they hitchhiked to Scotland; partir de to leave ou go from [ville, gare, aéroport]; de quelle gare pars-tu? which station are you leaving ou going from?; je suis partie de chez moi à 20 heures I left my house at 8 pm; faire partir qn to make sb leave; j'espère que je ne vous fais pas partir? I hope I'm not driving you away?; fais partir ce chien! get that dog out of here!; partir en courant/boitant/hurlant to run off/to limp off/to go off screaming; partir fâché to go off in a huff○; partir content to go away happy; partir avec qn to go off with sb; elle est partie avec un autre she went off with another man; partir sans laisser d'adresse lit to go away without leaving a forwarding address; ( sans laisser de traces) to disappear without trace;2 ( pour une destination) to go, to leave; partir loin/dans un pays lointain to go far away/to a far-off country; partir à Paris/à New York/au Mexique to go to Paris/to New York/to Mexico; je pars à Paris demain I'm going to Paris tomorrow, I'm off to Paris tomorrow; partir pour le Mexique/l'Australie to leave for Mexico/Australia; tu pars pour combien de temps? how long are you going for?; partir pour une semaine/six mois to go for a week/six months; est-ce que tu sais que je pars pour une semaine? did you know I was going away for a week?; partir en vacances to go on holiday GB ou vacation US (à to); nous partons en vacances dans les Vosges we're going on holiday GB ou vacation to the Vosges; partir en week-end to go away for the weekend; partir en week-end à Chamonix to go to Chamonix for the weekend; partir en voyage/expédition/croisière to go on a trip/an expedition/a cruise; partir à la guerre/au front to go off to war/to the front; partir au travail to go to work; partir à la pêche/chasse to go fishing/hunting; partir faire to go to do; elle est partie se reposer she's gone for a rest; partir en tournée to set off on tour GB ou on a tour US; partir en retraite to retire;3 ( se mettre en mouvement) [voiture, car, train] to leave; [avion] to take off; [moteur] to start; [personne] to be off, to leave; les coureurs sont partis the runners are off; le train à destination de Dijon va partir the train to Dijon is about to depart ou leave; à vos marques, prêts, partez! on your marks, get set, go!;4 ( être projeté) [flèche, balle] to be fired; [bouchon] to shoot out; [capsule] to shoot off; [réplique] to slip out; il jouait avec le fusil et le coup de feu est parti he was playing with the gun and it went off; la balle est partie, le blessant à l'épaule the shot was fired, wounding him in the shoulder; le bouchon est parti d'un seul coup the cork suddenly shot out; elle était tellement énervée que la gifle est partie toute seule she was so angry that she slapped him/her before she realized what she was doing ou before she could stop herself;5 ( commencer) [chemin, route] to start; le sentier part d'ici the path starts here; les branches qui partent du tronc the branches growing out from the trunk; les avenues qui partent de la Place de l'Étoile the avenues which radiate outwards from the Place de l'Étoile; partir favori [concurrent, candidat] to start favouriteGB (à une course for a race); partir gagnant/battu d'avance to be the winner/loser before one has even started; partir dernier ( dans une course) to start last; le troisième en partant de la gauche the third (starting) from the left; partir de rien to start from nothing; c'est parti! ( si l'on donne un ordre) go!; ( si l'on constate) here we go!; et voilà, c'est parti, il pleut! here we go, it's raining!; être bien parti○ lit [coureur, cheval] to have got GB ou gotten US off to a good start; fig [projet, travail, personne] to have got GB ou gotten US off to a good start; être bien parti pour gagner lit, fig to seem all set to win; l'entreprise a l'air bien partie the firm seems to have got off to a good start; être mal parti○ lit [coureur, cheval] to have got off to a bad start; fig [personne, pays, projet] to be in a bad way; avec la récession le pays est mal parti what with the recession the country is in a bad way; c'est mal parti○ things don't look too good; il faudrait qu'il fasse beau mais c'est mal parti it would be nice if the weather was fine but it doesn't look too promising; il a l'air parti pour réussir○ he seems to be heading for success; le mauvais temps est parti pour durer○ it looks as if the bad weather is here to stay;6 ( se fonder) partir de qch to start from sth; je suis parti d'une idée/observation très simple I started from a very simple idea/observation; l'auteur est parti d'un fait divers pour écrire son roman the author used a news snippet as a starting point for his novel; partir du principe que to work on the assumption that; partir d'une bonne intention or d'un bon sentiment [idée, geste] to be well-meant; (en) partant de là○… on that basis…;7 ( s'enlever) [tache, saleté] to come out; [émail, peinture] to come off; [odeur] to go; [bouton, écusson, décoration] to come off; j'ai beau frotter, ça ne part pas no matter how hard I rub, it won't come out; la saleté part bien/mal the dirt's coming off nicely/won't come out; l'étiquette est partie the label has come off; faire partir une tache/un graffiti to remove a stain/a piece of graffiti;8 ( être expédié) [colis, lettre, rapport, candidature] to be sent (off);9 ( se lancer) quand il est parti on ne l'arrête plus once he starts ou gets going there's no stopping him; partir dans des explications/un monologue to launch into explanations/a monologue; partir dans des digressions to start digressing;B à partir de loc prép1 ( dans l'espace) from; à partir d'ici/du feu rouge/du carrefour from here/the traffic lights/the crossroads;2 ( dans le temps) from; à partir de 16 heures/du 5 février from 4 o'clock/5 February (onwards); à partir de maintenant from now on; à partir du moment où ( sens temporel) as soon as; ( sens conditionnel) as long as; c'est possible à partir du moment où tu résides dans le pays it's possible as long as you are resident in the country; à partir de là, tout a basculé from then on everything changed radically;3 ( supérieur ou égal) from; à partir de 2 000 euros from 2,000 euros; les enfants ne sont admis qu'à partir de huit ans children under eight are not admitted;4 ( en utilisant) from; fabriqué à partir de pétrole/d'un alliage made from oil/an alloy;5 ( en se basant sur) from, on the basis of; faire une étude à partir de statistiques to base a study on statistics; à partir de cet exemple il a démontré que using ou from this example he proved that; à partir de ces chiffres/résultats il est possible de… on the basis of these figures/results it is possible to…; à partir d'un échantillon représentatif from ou on the basis of a representative sample; ⇒ courir, maille, mourir.[partir] verbe intransitifpars, tu vas rater ton train (off you) go, or you'll miss your trainempêche-la de partir stop her (going), don't let her goje ne vous fais pas partir, j'espère I hope I'm not chasing you awaya. [prisonnier, otage] to set free, to let go, to releaseb. [écolier] to let outc. [employé] to let goil est parti avec la caisse he ran away ou off with the tillje ne peux pas partir du bureau avant 17 h 30 I can't leave the office before 5:30(euphémisme) [mourir] to pass on ou awaypars devant, je te rattrape go ahead, I'll catch up with youregarde cette circulation, on n'est pas encore partis! (familier) by the look of that traffic, we're not off yet!a. [personne] to fly (off)b. [courrier] to go air mail ou by airpartir en bateau to go (off) by boat, to sailpartir en voiture to go (off) by car, to drive offje pars à ou pour Toulon demain I'm leaving for ou I'm off to Toulon tomorrowpartir à la campagne/montagne/mer to go (off) to the countryside/mountains/seaside4. [aller - pour se livrer à une activité] to goelle est partie au tennis/à la danse she's gone to play tennis/to her dance classpartir à la chasse/pêche to go shooting/fishingpartir à la recherche de to set off in search of, to go looking forpartir en week-end to go off ou away for the weekendnous partons en excursion/voyage demain we're setting off on an excursion/a journey tomorrowtu ne pars pas (en vacances) cet été? aren't you going on holiday (UK) ou vacation (US) this summer?partir skier/se promener to go skiing/for a walk5. [s'engager]quand elles sont parties sur leur boulot, c'est difficile de les arrêter (familier) once they start on about their job, there's no stopping themêtre parti à faire quelque chose (familier) : les voilà partis à refaire toute la maison there they go doing up the entire house6. [démarrer - machine, moteur, voiture] to start (up) ; [ - avion] to take off, to leave ; [ - train] to leave, to depart ; [ - fusée] to go up ; [ - pétard] to go off ; [ - plante] to takeexcuse-moi, le mot est parti (tout seul) I'm sorry, the word just came outa. [moteur] to start (up)b. [pétard] to set ou to let off (separable)c. [fusil] to let off (separable)d. [plante] to get started7. [se mettre en mouvement, débuter - coureur, match, concert] to start (off)le match est bien/mal parti pour notre équipe the match has started well/badly for our teamje le vois mal parti pour récupérer son titre the way he's going, I just can't see him winning back his title8. [se vendre] to sell9. [disparaître, s'effacer - inscription] to disappear, to be rubbed off ou out, to be worn off ; [ - tache] to disappear, to go, to come out ; [ - douleur] to go, to disappear ; [ - boutons] to come off ; [ - pellicules, odeur] to goa. [salissure] to get rid of, to removeb. [odeur] to get rid of, to clearc. [douleur] to ease10. [se défaire, se détacher - attache, bouton] to come off, to go ; [ - maille] to run ; [ - étiquette] to come off————————partir de verbe plus préposition1. [dans l'espace]le ferry/marathon part de Brest the ferry sails/the marathon starts from Brestla cicatrice part du poignet et va jusqu'au coude the scar goes ou stretches from the wrist to the elbowc'est le quatrième en partant de la droite/du haut it's the fourth (one) from the right/top2. [dans le temps]nous allons faire partir le contrat du 15 janvier we'll make the contract effective (as) from January the 15th3. [dans un raisonnement]partir du principe que to start from the principle that, to start by assuming thatsi l'on part de ce principe, il faudrait ne jamais contester on that basis, one should never protest4. [provenir de]sa remarque est partie du coeur his comment came ou was (straight) from the heart, it was a heartfelt remark————————à partir de locution prépositionnelle1. [dans le temps] (as) fromà partir de mardi starting from Tuesday, from Tuesday onwardsà partir de (ce moment-) là, il ne m'a plus adressé la parole from that moment on ou from then on, he never spoke to me again2. [dans l'espace] (starting) from3. [numériquement]imposé à partir de 5 000 euros taxable from 5,000 euros upwards4. [avec, à base de] fromc'est fait à partir d'huiles végétales it's made from ou with vegetable oils -
13 press
pres
1. verb1) (to use a pushing motion (against): Press the bell twice!; The children pressed close to their mother.) apretar, presionar2) (to squeeze; to flatten: The grapes are pressed to extract the juice.) exprimir, estrujar; prensar3) (to urge or hurry: He pressed her to enter the competition.) presionar; apremiar4) (to insist on: The printers are pressing their claim for higher pay.) presionar, insistir5) (to iron: Your trousers need to be pressed.) planchar
2. noun1) (an act of pressing: He gave her hand a press; You had better give your shirt a press.) apretón; planchado2) ((also printing-press) a printing machine.) prensa3) (newspapers in general: It was reported in the press; (also adjective) a press photographer.) prensa4) (the people who work on newspapers and magazines; journalists: The press is/are always interested in the private lives of famous people.) prensa5) (a device or machine for pressing: a wine-press; a flower-press.) prensa•- pressing- press conference
- press-cutting
- be hard pressed
- be pressed for
- press for
- press forward/on
press1 n prensapress2 vb apretar / pulsarto print the document, press F7 para imprimir el documento, pulsa F7tr[pres]1 (newspapers) prensa■ the gutter press la prensa sensacionalista, la prensa amarilla2 (printing machine) prensa, imprenta3 (for grapes, flowers) prensa4 (act of pressing) presión nombre femenino; (of hand) apretón nombre masculino; (act of ironing) planchado1 (push down - button, switch) pulsar, apretar, presionar; (- accelerator) pisar; (- key on keyboard) pulsar; (- trigger) apretar2 (squeeze - hand) apretar3 (crush - fruit) exprimir, estrujar; (- grapes, olives, flowers) prensar4 (clothes) planchar, planchar a vapor5 (record) imprimir6 (urge, put pressure on) presionar, instar; (insist on) insistir en, exigir1 (push) apretar, presionar2 (crowd) apretujarse, apiñarse3 (urge, pressurize) presionar, insistir; (time) apremiar■ we are pressing for a peaceful solution estamos presionando para que se resuelva de forma pacífica\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLat the time of going to press al cierre de la ediciónto go to press entrar en prensato have a good/bad press tener buena/mala prensato press a point recalcar un puntoto press charges against somebody presentar cargos contra alguien, formular cargos contra alguiento press home an advantage aprovechar una ventajapress agency agencia de prensapress conference conferencia de prensa, rueda de prensapress cutting recorte nombre masculino de prensapress box tribuna de prensapress release comunicado de prensapress stud botón nombre masculino de presiónpress ['prɛs] vt1) push: apretar2) squeeze: apretar, prensar (frutas, flores, etc.)3) iron: planchar (ropa)4) urge: instar, apremiarhe pressed me to come: insistió en que vinierapress vi1) push: apretarpress hard: aprieta con fuerza2) crowd: apiñarse3) : abrirse pasoI pressed through the crowd: me abrí paso entre el gentío4) urge: presionarpress n1) crowd: multitud f2) : imprenta f, prensa fto go to press: entrar en prensa3) urgency: urgencia f, prisa f4) printer, publisher: imprenta f, editorial f5)the press : la prensafreedom of the press: libertad de prensaadj.• de prensa adj.n.(§ pl.: presses) = estampa s.f.• imprenta s.f.• prensa s.f.• presión s.f.• urgencia s.f.v.• empujar v.• estrechar v.• estrujar v.• gravitar v.• instar v.• oprimir v.• planchar v.• prensar v.• presionar v.• pulsar (Tecla, botón) v.• urgir v.pres
I
1) ua) (newspapers, journalists) prensa fthe freedom of the press — la libertad de prensa; (before n) <box, gallery> de (la) prensa
press agency — (BrE) agencia f de prensa
press agent — encargado, -da m,f de prensa
press clipping o (BrE) cutting — recorte m de prensa
press office — oficina f de prensa
press photographer — reportero gráfico, reportera gráfica m,f
press release — comunicado m de prensa
press run — (AmE) tirada f
b) ( treatment by newspapers)to get a good/bad press — tener* buena/mala prensa, tener* buena/mala acogida por parte de la prensa
2) ca) ( printing press) prensa f, imprenta fb) ( publishing house) editorial f3) c (for pressing - grapes, flowers, machine parts) prensa f; (- trousers) prensa f plancha-pantalones
II
1.
1) ( push) \<\<button/doorbell\>\> apretar*, pulsar; \<\<pedal/footbrake\>\> pisar2)a) ( squeeze) apretar*b) ( in press) \<\<grapes/olives/flowers\>\> prensarc) \<\<disk/album\>\> imprimir*d) \<\<clothes\>\> planchar3)a) ( put pressure on)when pressed, she admitted it — cuando la presionaron, lo admitió
to press somebody FOR something/to + INF: I pressed him for an answer insistí en que or exigí que me diera una respuesta; they pressed him to change his policy — ejercieron presión sobre él para que cambiara de política
b) ( pursue)to press charges against somebody — presentar or formular cargos en contra de alguien
2.
vi1)a) ( exert pressure)press firmly — presione or apriete con fuerza
to press (down) ON something — apretar* algo, hacer* presión sobre algo
b) (crowd, push) \<\<people\>\> apretujarse, apiñarse2) (urge, pressurize) presionarto press FOR something: they've been pressing for an inquiry han estado presionando para que se haga una investigación; time presses o is pressing — el tiempo apremia
•Phrasal Verbs:- press on[pres]1. NOUN1) (Publishing)a) (=newspapers collectively) prensa f•
to get or have a good/ bad press — (lit, fig) tener buena/mala prensathe press reported that... — la prensa informó que...
member of the press — periodista mf, miembro mf de la prensa
free 1., 4), gutter I, 2.the national/local press — la prensa nacional/regional
b) (=printing press) imprenta f•
to go to press — entrar en prensa•
hot off the press(es) — recién salido de la imprenta•
to be in press — estar en prensa•
to pass sth for press — aprobar algo para la prensa•
to set the presses rolling — poner las prensas en marchac) (=publishing firm) editorial f•
at the press of a button — con solo apretar un botón3) (with iron)•
to give sth a press — planchar algo4) (=apparatus, machine) (for wine, olives, cheese, moulding) prensa f ; (also: trouser press) prensa f para planchar pantalones; (for racket) tensor mcider 2., printing 2.hydraulic press — prensa f hidráulica
5) (=crush) apiñamiento m, agolpamiento mhe lost his hat in the press to get out — perdió el sombrero en el apiñamiento or agolpamiento que se produjo a la salida
6) (Weightlifting) presa f7) (=cupboard) armario m2. TRANSITIVE VERB1) (=push, squeeze)a) [+ button, switch, doorbell] pulsar, apretar; [+ hand, trigger] apretar; [+ accelerator] pisarselect the option required, then press "enter" — escoja la opción que desee, y luego pulse or apriete "intro"
•
he pressed his face against the window — apretó la cara contra el cristalshe pressed herself against me/the wall — se apretó contra mí/contra la pared
•
she pressed a note into his hand — le metió un billete en la mano•
she pressed the lid on (to) the box — cerró la caja apretando la tapa•
he pressed her to him — la atrajo hacia sí- press the fleshb) (painfully) apretujaras the crowd moved back he found himself pressed up against a wall — a medida que la multitud retrocedía, se vio apretujado contra una pared
2) (using press) [+ grapes, olives, flowers] prensar3) (=iron) [+ clothes] planchar4) (Tech) (=make) [+ machine part] prensar; [+ record, disk] imprimir5) (=pressurize) presionarwhen pressed, she conceded the point — cuando la presionaron, les dio la razón
•
to press sb for sth — exigir algo de algnto press sb for payment — insistir en que algn pague, exigir a algn el pago de lo que se debe
•
to press sb into doing sth — obligar a algn a hacer algoI found myself pressed into playing football with the children — me vi obligado a jugar al fútbol con los niños
•
to press sb to do sth — (=urge) insistir en que algn haga algo; (=pressurize) presionar a algn para que haga algopressedthe trade unions are pressing him to stand firm — los sindicatos le están presionando para que se mantenga firme
6) (=insist)she smiles coyly when pressed about her private life — cuando insisten en querer saber sobre su vida privada, sonríe con coquetería
7) (=force)•
to press sth on sb — insistir en que algn acepte algofood and cigarettes were pressed on him — le estuvieron ofreciendo insistentemente comida y cigarros
8)• to be pressed into service, we were all pressed into service — todos tuvimos que ponernos a trabajar
the town hall has been pressed into service as a school — se han visto obligados a usar el ayuntamiento como escuela
Kenny had been pressed into service to guard the door — habían convencido a Kenny para que vigilara la puerta
9) (=pursue) [+ claim] insistir en; [+ demand] exigir•
his officials have visited Washington to press their case for economic aid — sus representantes han ido a Washington para hacer presión a favor de la ayuda económica•
to press charges (against sb) — presentar cargos (contra algn)suit 1., 4)•
the champion failed to press home his advantage — el campeón no supo aprovechar su ventaja3. INTRANSITIVE VERB1) (=exert pressure) apretardoes it hurt when I press here? — ¿le duele cuando le aprieto aquí?
•
I felt something hard press into my back — noté la presión de algo duro que se apretaba contra mi espalda•
the bone was pressing on a nerve — el hueso estaba pinzando un nervio2) (=move, push)•
he pressed against her — se apretó contra ella•
the crowd pressed round him — la muchedumbre se apiñó en torno a él•
he pressed through the crowd — se abrió paso entre la muchedumbre•
the audience pressed towards the exit — el público se apresuró hacia la salida3) (=urge, agitate)•
to press for sth — exigir algo, insistir en algohe will press for the death penalty in this case — en este caso va a insistir en or exigir la pena de muerte
a protest march in the capital to press for new elections — una marcha de protesta en la capital para exigir otras elecciones
police may now press for changes in the law — puede que ahora la policía presione para que cambien las leyes
to press for sb to resign — exigir la dimisión de algn, insistir en que algn dimita
•
time is pressing — el tiempo apremia4) (=weigh heavily)•
to press on sb — pesar sobre algn4.COMPOUNDSpress agency N — agencia f de prensa
press agent N — encargado(-a) m / f de prensa
press attaché N — agregado(-a) m / f de prensa
press baron N — magnate m de la prensa
press briefing N — rueda f de prensa, conferencia f de prensa
press card N — pase m de periodista, carnet m de prensa
press clipping N — = press cutting
press conference N — rueda f de prensa, conferencia f de prensa
to call a press conference — convocar una rueda or una conferencia de prensa
to hold a press conference — celebrar una rueda or una conferencia de prensa
press corps N — prensa f acreditada
press coverage N — cobertura f periodística
press cutting N — recorte m (de periódico)
press gallery N — tribuna f de prensa
press gang N — (Hist) leva f
press launch N — lanzamiento m de prensa
press office N — oficina f de prensa
press officer N — agente mf de prensa
press pack N — (=information pack) dosier m de prensa; pej (=group of reporters) grupo m de reporteros; (=sensationalist press) prensa f amarilla
press pass N — pase m de prensa
press photographer N — fotógrafo(-a) m / f de prensa
press release N — comunicado m de prensa
to issue or put out a press release — publicar un comunicado de prensa
press report N — nota f de prensa, reportaje m de prensa
press room N — sala f de prensa
press run N — (US) tirada f
press secretary N — secretario(-a) m / f de prensa
press stud N — (Brit) automático m, broche m de presión
press view N — preestreno m (para prensa)
- press on* * *[pres]
I
1) ua) (newspapers, journalists) prensa fthe freedom of the press — la libertad de prensa; (before n) <box, gallery> de (la) prensa
press agency — (BrE) agencia f de prensa
press agent — encargado, -da m,f de prensa
press clipping o (BrE) cutting — recorte m de prensa
press office — oficina f de prensa
press photographer — reportero gráfico, reportera gráfica m,f
press release — comunicado m de prensa
press run — (AmE) tirada f
b) ( treatment by newspapers)to get a good/bad press — tener* buena/mala prensa, tener* buena/mala acogida por parte de la prensa
2) ca) ( printing press) prensa f, imprenta fb) ( publishing house) editorial f3) c (for pressing - grapes, flowers, machine parts) prensa f; (- trousers) prensa f plancha-pantalones
II
1.
1) ( push) \<\<button/doorbell\>\> apretar*, pulsar; \<\<pedal/footbrake\>\> pisar2)a) ( squeeze) apretar*b) ( in press) \<\<grapes/olives/flowers\>\> prensarc) \<\<disk/album\>\> imprimir*d) \<\<clothes\>\> planchar3)a) ( put pressure on)when pressed, she admitted it — cuando la presionaron, lo admitió
to press somebody FOR something/to + INF: I pressed him for an answer insistí en que or exigí que me diera una respuesta; they pressed him to change his policy — ejercieron presión sobre él para que cambiara de política
b) ( pursue)to press charges against somebody — presentar or formular cargos en contra de alguien
2.
vi1)a) ( exert pressure)press firmly — presione or apriete con fuerza
to press (down) ON something — apretar* algo, hacer* presión sobre algo
b) (crowd, push) \<\<people\>\> apretujarse, apiñarse2) (urge, pressurize) presionarto press FOR something: they've been pressing for an inquiry han estado presionando para que se haga una investigación; time presses o is pressing — el tiempo apremia
•Phrasal Verbs:- press on -
14 poder
m.1 power (mando, competencia).estar en/hacerse con el poder to be in/to seize powerpoder adquisitivo purchasing powerpoder calorífico calorific valuepoder de convicción persuasive powerstener poder de convocatoria to be a crowd-pullerel poder ejecutivo/legislativo/judicial the executive/legislature/judiciary (personas)poderes fácticos the church, military and presspoderes públicos public authoritiesEl poder corrompe a los indecisos Power corrupts the undecided.2 power, authorization.dar poderes a alguien para que haga algo to authorize somebody to do somethingpor poderes by proxypoder notarial power of attorney3 faculty.4 proxy, letter of delegation, power of attorney, letter of attorney.Ella se casó usando un poder She married using a proxy.v.1 can, to be able to.no puedo decírtelo I can't tell you, I'm unable to tell you2 can, may (tener permiso).no puedo salir por la noche I'm not allowed to o I can't go out at night¿puedo fumar aquí? may I smoke here?¿se puede? may I come in?3 can (ser capaz moralmente).no podemos portarnos así con él we can't treat him like that4 may, can (tener posibilidad, ser posible).puede estallar la guerra war could o may break outpodías haber ido en tren you could have gone by train¡podría habernos invitado! she could o might have invited us! (expresa enfado)puede que llueva it may o might rain¿vendrás mañana? — puede will you come tomorrow? — I may dopuede ser perhaps, maybe5 to be stronger than.tú eres más alto, pero yo te puedo you may be taller than me, but I could still beat you up6 to can, to may, to be able to, to be apt to.Ella puede correr She is able to run.7 to might, to stand to.Ella podría surgir She might rise above.8 to be capable.* * *Present IndicativePast IndicativeFuture IndicativeConditionalPresent SubjunctiveImperfect SubjunctiveFuture SubjunctiveImperative* * *1. verb1) can2) to be able3) may2. noun m.1) power2) control3) possession4) strength, force* * *1. VERBO AUXILIAR1) (=tener la posibilidad o capacidad de)puedo hacerlo solo — I can do it on my own o by myself
¿se puede llamar por teléfono desde aquí? — can you phone from here?
no puede venir — he can't o cannot come
no ha podido venir — he couldn't come, he was unable to come
2) (=tener permiso para)puedes irte — you can o may go
¿puedo usar tu teléfono? — can o may I use your phone?
¿puedo abrir la ventana? — can o may I open the window?
aquí no se puede fumar — you aren't allowed to smoke here, you can't smoke here
3) [en peticiones]¿puedes/puede darme un vaso de agua? — can I/may I have a glass of water please?
¿me puede usted decir cuándo sale el autobús? — can o could you tell me when the bus leaves?
4) [indicando eventualidad]puede o podría estar en cualquier sitio — it could o might be anywhere
¡cuidado, te puedes hacer daño! — careful, you could o might hurt yourself!
podías haberte roto una pierna — you could o might have broken your leg
5) [indicando obligación moral]¡no pueden tratarnos así! — they can't treat us like this!
6) [en cálculos, aproximaciones]¿qué edad puede tener? — I wonder what age he is?, how old do you reckon he is?
7) [en sugerencias]8) [en reproches]¡podías habérmelo dicho! — you could o might have told me!
habría podido ser más amable — she could o might have been a bit nicer
¡al menos podrías disculparte! — you could at least say sorry!
2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO1) (=tener la posibilidad o capacidad)¡no puedo más! — (=estoy agotado) I can't go on!; (=estoy desesperado) I can't cope any more!; (=he comido mucho) I can't eat another thing!
2) (=tener permiso)¿se puede? — may I come in?
¿puedo? — may I?
3) (=tener dominio, influencia)los que pueden — those who can, those who are able
el dinero puede mucho — money can do almost anything, money talks
poder conpoder a algn: yo le puedo — I'm a match for him; [entre niños] I could have him *
¿puedes con la maleta? — can you manage the suitcase?
no puedo con él — (=no puedo controlarle) I can't handle him; (=pesa mucho) he's too heavy for me
4) [en locuciones]•
a más no poder, es tonto a más no poder — he's as stupid as they come•
no poder por menos que, no pude por menos que decirle lo que pensaba de él — I just had to tell him what I thought of himsu actitud me pudo — his attitude annoyed me o got on my nerves
3.VERBO IMPERSONALpuede (ser) (=es posible) maybe, it may be so, perhapspuede (ser) que ({+ subjun}9})¡no puede ser! — that can't be!, that's impossible!
puede (ser) que esté en la biblioteca — he could o may be in the library, perhaps he's in the library
puede (ser) que tenga uno ya — he may o might have one already
puede (ser) que no venga — he may o might not come
puede (ser) que tenga razón — she may o could be right
4. SUSTANTIVO MASCULINO1) (=capacidad, facultad) powerpoder de convocatoria, tienen un gran poder de convocatoria — they really pull in the crowds, they're real crowd-pullers *
2) (=autoridad, influencia) powerejercen un poder enorme sobre la juventud — they have a lot of power o influence over young people
no tienen poder para oponerse a estas medidas — they are not powerful enough to oppose these measures
3) (Pol)¡el pueblo al poder! — power to the people!
¡Herrera al poder! — Herrera for leader!
•
bajo el poder de algn, estar en el poder, ocupar el poder — to be in power•
el cuarto poder — the fourth estate4) (=fuerza, eficacia)este medicamento no tiene poder contra la tuberculosis — this drug is ineffective o isn't effective against tuberculosis
5) (=potestad)pl poderes powersles dieron amplios poderes para dirigir la empresa — they were given wide-ranging powers to run the company
tiene plenos poderes para intervenir en el asunto — he has full authority to intervene in the matter
6) (Jur)7) (=posesión) possessionesa información está u obra en poder de la juez — that information is in the hands of the judge, that information is in the judge's possession
•
pasar a poder de algn — to pass to sb, pass into sb's possession8) (Fís, Mec) power9) LAm (=persona) drug pusher* * *Iverbo auxiliar¿cuándo podrá darme una respuesta? — when will you be able to o when can you give me an answer?
no pudo asistir a la reunión — he was unable to o he couldn't attend the meeting
¿pudiste hacerlo sola? — were you able to do it on your own?
¿puedo servirme otro? — can o may I have another one?
¿le puedo hacer una sugerencia? — may I make a suggestion?
¿podría irme un poco más temprano hoy? — could I leave a little earlier today?
¿se puede? - adelante! — may I? - come in
3) ( expresando derecho moral)4)a) (en quejas, reproches)¿cómo pudiste hacer una cosa así? — how could you do such a thing?
podías or podrías haberme avisado — you could o might have warned me!
b) ( en sugerencias)c) ( solicitando un favor)¿puedes bajar un momento? — can you come down for a moment?
¿podrías hacerme un favor? — could you do me a favor?
poder con algo/alguien: ¿puedes con todo eso? can you manage all that?; no puedo con esta maleta I can't manage this suitcase; no pudo con el alemán y lo dejó he couldn't get to grips with German and he gave up; con este niño no hay quien pueda! this child is just impossible!; podérsela con algo — (Chi fam) to cope with something
6) (en locs)a más no poder: comió a más no poder he ate until he was fit to burst; corrimos a más no poder we ran as fast as we could; es feo a más no poder he's as ugly as they come; no poder más: estoy que no puedo más ( cansado) I'm exhausted; ( lleno) I can't eat anything else; ya no puedo más con este niño I'm at the end of my tether with this child; ya no puedo más, me está desquiciando I can't go on like this, it's driving me mad; no poder (por) menos que: no pude menos que sentirme halagado I couldn't help feeling flattered; no pudo menos que reconocer — she had no alternative but to admit
7) (fam) (+ me, te, le etc)a) ( ganar)él es más alto, pero tú le puedes — he's taller than you but you can beat him
b) (Méx) ( doler)8) (con idea de eventualidad, posibilidad)te podrías or podías haber matado — you could have killed yourself!
9) (en 3a pers)no puede ser que no lo sepa — he must know
no puede ser que ya haya terminado — he can't have finished already
si puede ser or (Esp) a poder ser — if possible
puede (ser) que tengas razón — you may o could be right
II- puede que sí, puede que no — maybe, maybe not
1)a) (control, influencia) powertiene mucho poder en el pueblo — he has a great deal of power o influence in the village
estamos/nos tiene en su poder — we are/she has us in her power
caer en poder de alguien — ciudad/país to fall to somebody
b) (Pol)tomar el poder — to take o seize power
detenta el poder desde hace 20 años — (frml) he has held power for 20 years
2) ( posesión)la carta está en poder de... — the letter is in the hands of...
obra en su poder la copia del acta — (frml) you have in your possession a copy of the minutes
3)a) (derecho, atribución)tener amplios/plenos poderes para hacer algo — to have wide-ranging powers/full authority to do something
b) (Der) ( documento) letter of authorization; ( hecho ante notario) power of attorneycasarse por poder (AmL) or (Esp) por poderes — to get married by proxy
4)a) (capacidad, facultad) powerb) (de motor, aparato) power•* * *Iverbo auxiliar¿cuándo podrá darme una respuesta? — when will you be able to o when can you give me an answer?
no pudo asistir a la reunión — he was unable to o he couldn't attend the meeting
¿pudiste hacerlo sola? — were you able to do it on your own?
¿puedo servirme otro? — can o may I have another one?
¿le puedo hacer una sugerencia? — may I make a suggestion?
¿podría irme un poco más temprano hoy? — could I leave a little earlier today?
¿se puede? - adelante! — may I? - come in
3) ( expresando derecho moral)4)a) (en quejas, reproches)¿cómo pudiste hacer una cosa así? — how could you do such a thing?
podías or podrías haberme avisado — you could o might have warned me!
b) ( en sugerencias)c) ( solicitando un favor)¿puedes bajar un momento? — can you come down for a moment?
¿podrías hacerme un favor? — could you do me a favor?
poder con algo/alguien: ¿puedes con todo eso? can you manage all that?; no puedo con esta maleta I can't manage this suitcase; no pudo con el alemán y lo dejó he couldn't get to grips with German and he gave up; con este niño no hay quien pueda! this child is just impossible!; podérsela con algo — (Chi fam) to cope with something
6) (en locs)a más no poder: comió a más no poder he ate until he was fit to burst; corrimos a más no poder we ran as fast as we could; es feo a más no poder he's as ugly as they come; no poder más: estoy que no puedo más ( cansado) I'm exhausted; ( lleno) I can't eat anything else; ya no puedo más con este niño I'm at the end of my tether with this child; ya no puedo más, me está desquiciando I can't go on like this, it's driving me mad; no poder (por) menos que: no pude menos que sentirme halagado I couldn't help feeling flattered; no pudo menos que reconocer — she had no alternative but to admit
7) (fam) (+ me, te, le etc)a) ( ganar)él es más alto, pero tú le puedes — he's taller than you but you can beat him
b) (Méx) ( doler)8) (con idea de eventualidad, posibilidad)te podrías or podías haber matado — you could have killed yourself!
9) (en 3a pers)no puede ser que no lo sepa — he must know
no puede ser que ya haya terminado — he can't have finished already
si puede ser or (Esp) a poder ser — if possible
puede (ser) que tengas razón — you may o could be right
II- puede que sí, puede que no — maybe, maybe not
1)a) (control, influencia) powertiene mucho poder en el pueblo — he has a great deal of power o influence in the village
estamos/nos tiene en su poder — we are/she has us in her power
caer en poder de alguien — ciudad/país to fall to somebody
b) (Pol)tomar el poder — to take o seize power
detenta el poder desde hace 20 años — (frml) he has held power for 20 years
2) ( posesión)la carta está en poder de... — the letter is in the hands of...
obra en su poder la copia del acta — (frml) you have in your possession a copy of the minutes
3)a) (derecho, atribución)tener amplios/plenos poderes para hacer algo — to have wide-ranging powers/full authority to do something
b) (Der) ( documento) letter of authorization; ( hecho ante notario) power of attorneycasarse por poder (AmL) or (Esp) por poderes — to get married by proxy
4)a) (capacidad, facultad) powerb) (de motor, aparato) power•* * *poder11 = force, strength, power, leverage, authority, clout, might, muscle power, power of attorney, sway.Ex: Her reason admitted the force of his arguments, but her instinct opposed it.
Ex: The strength of the acetone rinsing on the strength of the paper is investigated, and its efficiency in removing NM2P is also examined using gas liquid chromatography.Ex: She added that she felt sorry for the assistant because he had so little power.Ex: At certain times, dubious interpretations of the rules have even been used as leverage in gaining ground on matters of dispute between Community partners.Ex: One of the great virtues of networking is that it democratizes access to information and access to authority.Ex: IT executives would like to see their role in the organization elevated, giving them more ' clout', stature and visibility.Ex: Gradually many of these conquerors came to realize that, although military might was necessary to gain control over an area, sheer force of arms was not sufficient to govern effectively.Ex: Their development, particularly for replacing human muscle power, has been in parallel with that of information technology, but largely independent of it.Ex: A power of attorney is a legal instrument that is used to delegate legal authority to another.Ex: During this period Africa was influenced by external forces as the Islamic states of the north extended their sway south.* abusar del poder = lord over, lord it over.* abuso de poder = abuse of power.* altas esferas del poder, las = echelons of power, the.* ansioso de poder = power-hungry.* asumir poder = assume + power.* ceder las riendas del poder = hand over + the reins of power.* círculo de poder = circle of power.* con ansias de poder = power-hungry.* conceder poderes = give + powers.* con hambre de poder = power-hungry.* con poder = powerful.* con sed de poder = power-hungry.* control del poder = hold on power.* dar poderes = give + powers.* dejar sin poder = disempower.* división de poderes = division of powers.* ejercer poder = wield + power, exercise + power.* en el poder = in office.* equilibrio de poder = balance of power.* estructura de poder = power structure.* frecuentar los pasillos del poder = stalk + the corridors of power.* gente de poder = wielders of power, powerful people.* gobierno en el poder = ruling government.* grupo de poder = power group.* hambriento de poder = power-hungry.* igualdad de poder = parity of power.* inversión de poderes = power reversal.* jerarquía de poder = scalar chain.* llevar al poder = bring + Nombre + to power.* los poderes fáticos = the powers-that-be.* los que detentan el poder = the powers-that-be.* lucha de poderes = power struggle.* lucha por el poder = power struggle.* luchar de poderes = battle of wills.* partido en el poder, el = ruling party, the.* pasar las riendas del poder a = hand + the reins over to.* pasillos del poder, los = corridors of power, the.* perder poder = lose + power.* pérdida de poder = disempowerment.* poder adquisitivo = spending power, purchasing power, buying power.* poder colectivo = collective power.* poder curativo = healing power.* poder de atracción = drawing power.* poder de curación = healing power.* poder de discriminación = discretion.* poder de enganche = holding power.* poder del estado = state power.* poder de negociación = bargaining power.* poder de representación = power of representation.* poder de retención = holding power.* poder divino = divine power.* poder económico = economic leverage.* poder ejecutivo = chief executive, executive arm, executive power.* poder ejecutivo, el = Executive, the.* poder estatal = state power.* poder imperial = imperial power.* poder judicial = judicial arm, judicial system.* poder judicial, el = judiciary, the.* poder legal = statutory power.* poder legislativo = legislative power, legislative arm.* poder mágico = magical power, magic power.* poder notarial = power of attorney.* poder político = political power.* poder presidencial = presidential power.* poder público = public power, public authority.* poder remunerativo = earning power, earning capacity.* poder sobrenatural = supernatural power.* política del poder = power politics.* por poderes = by proxy.* posición de poder = position power.* quitar el poder = disempower.* relación de poder = power relationship.* relaciones de poder = power relations.* sediento de poder = power-hungry.* subida al poder = seizure of power.* subir al poder = rise to + power.* tener el poder = be the boss, call + the shots, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* tener el poder de = have + the power to.* tener las riendas del poder = hold + the reins of power.* tomar el poder = take + power.* tomar las riendas del poder = take + the reins of power.poder22 = be able to, be capable of, can, have + the opportunity, may, qualify for, manage to.Ex: Thus the electronic journal (e-journal) is a concept where scientists are able to input ideas and text to a computer data base for their colleagues to view, and similarly to view the work of others.
Ex: Main classes are thus only capable of precise definition in the contexts of particular classification schemes.Ex: When used by skilled abstractors this mixture of styles can achieve the maximum transmission of information, within a minimum length.Ex: Every librarian, regardless of his government's policy, has the opportunity, if he has the courage, to open the avenues of books and ideas a little wider.Ex: My second point may be a slightly tangential, but I hope it is a concrete reaction to the general tenor of Mr. Lubetzky's remarks and the general subject posed.Ex: FIAC has drawn up a list of criteria to determine whether an advice centre qualifies for membership of the Federation.Ex: Tom Hernandez tried not to show how sad he felt about his friends' leaving, and managed to keep up a cheerful facade until the party broke up.* Algo por lo que se puede cobrar = billable.* al que no se puede dejar de faltar = unmissable.* como mejor + poder = as best + Pronombre + can.* cuando antes pueda = at + Posesivo + earliest convenience.* de modo que + poder + oír = within earshot of.* en el que se puede buscar = searchable.* estar tan bueno que no se puede dejar de comer = moreish, moreish.* hacerlo lo mejor que Uno pueda = do + Posesivo + utmost.* hacer lo mejor que Uno pueda = put + Posesivo + best into.* hacer lo mejor que Uno puede = try + Posesivo + heart out.* hacer todo lo que Uno pueda = do + Posesivo + best, do + the best + Nombre + may, do + the best + Nombre + can.* hacer todo lo que Uno pueda (dado) = do + the best possible (with).* lo suficientemente lejos como para no poder oír = out of earshot.* muy bien + podría + Verbo = might + well + Verbo.* muy bien + puede + Verbo = may well + Verbo.* nada puede estar más apartado de la realidad = nothing can be further from the truth.* noche sin poder dormir = sleepless night.* no poder = be unable to, cannot, can't [cannot].* no poder aguantar a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* no poder conciliar el sueño = have + trouble sleeping.* no poder dejar de mencionar = cannot but notice.* no poder dejar de recalcar la importancia de Algo = the importance of + Nombre + cannot be stressed too strongly, cannot + give + too much emphasis + to the importance of.* no poder dormir = sleeplessness.* no poder estarse quieto = have + the fidgets, fidget.* no poder evitar + Infinitivo = cannot help + Gerundio, cannot help but + Verbo.* no poder evitar mencionar = cannot but notice.* no poder hacer más que = do + little more than.* no poder permitirse = ill afford.* no poder permitirse el lujo de = ill afford.* no poder quitarse Algo de la cabeza = can't get it out of my mind.* no poderse buscar = be unsearchable.* no poderse negar que = there + be + no denying that.* no poder ver a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* no poder ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.* no pude evitar notar que = couldn't help but notice (that).* no puedo aguantarlo = can't take it.* no puedo comprender = I can't get over.* No se le puede pedir peras al olmo = You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear.* no se puede dejar de recalcar el + Nombre + de = the + Nombre + of + Nombre + cannot be overemphasised.* no se puede dejar de recalcar el + Nombre + of = the + Nombre + of + Nombre + cannot be overstated.* no se puede dejar de recalcar la importancia de Algo = the importance of + Nombre + cannot be overemphasised, the importance of + Nombre + cannot be overstated.* personas que no pueden salir de casa = homebound, the.* poder contar con = be there for + Pronombre, be there for + Pronombre.* poder + Infinitivo = succeed in + Gerundio.* poderse afirmar que = it + be + safe to say that.* poderse contestar = be answerable.* poderse integrar en = be integrable in.* poderse localizar = be locatable.* poder utilizarse = be usable.* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.* puede muy bien ser = could well be.* puede muy bien ser que = it may well be that.* puede que = maybe.* puede que al final sea para bien = be a blessing in disguise.* ¿Puede repetir? = I beg your pardon?, I beg your pardon?.* que no se le puede dar un nombre = unnameable.* que no se puede conseguir = unobtainable.* que no se puede entregar = undeliverable.* que no se puede hacer cumplir = unenforceable.* que no se puede identificar con un término = unnameable.* que no se puede uno perder = unmissable.* que puede causar detención = arrestable.* que puede demostrarse = demonstrably.* que puede salir en préstamo = loanable.* que puede ser apilado = stacking.* que puede ser usado a través de la web = web-compliant.* querer es poder = where there's a will there's a way.* que se le puede dar un nombre = nameable.* que se puede arreglar = fixable.* que se puede buscar = searchable.* que se puede cambiar de tamaño = resizeable [re-sizeable].* que se puede escuchar = playable.* que se puede hacer cumplir = enforceable.* que se puede identificar con un término = nameable.* que se puede imprimir = printable.* que se puede quitar = detachable.* que se puede separar = detachable.* que se puede visualizar = viewable.* sálvese el que pueda = free-for-all.* sálvese quien pueda = the devil take the hindmost, every man for himself, let battle commence.* se puede = is to be.* siempre que uno puede dedicarle el tiempo = in + Posesivo + own time.* sin poder contenerse = helplessly.* sin poder dormir = sleepless.* sin poder extinguirlo = inextinguishably.* sin poder hacer nada = helplessly.* tan sorprendente como pueda parecer = as amazing as it seems.* todavía + poderse + escuchar los ecos de = echo + still resound from.* * *A tener la capacidad deB expresando idea de permisoC expresando un derecho moralD1 en quejas, reproches2 en sugerencias3 solicitando un favorA1 poder con algo/alguien2 el dinero lo puede todoB en locucionesC1 vencer, ganar2 dolerA con idea de eventualidadB en tercera personaA(tener la capacidad o posibilidad de): ven en cuanto puedas come as soon as you canno puedo pagar tanto I can't pay that much¿cómo que no puedes? what do you mean, you can't do it ( o you can't come etc)?no podía dejar de reír I couldn't stop laughingno va a poder venir he won't be able to come¿cuándo podrá darme una respuesta definitiva? when will you be able to o when can you give me a firm answer?no pude convencerla I couldn't persuade herno pudo asistir a la reunión he was unable to o he couldn't attend the meeting¿pudiste hacerlo sola? did you manage to do it o were you able to do it on your own?hicimos todo lo que pudimos por ayudarlos we did everything in our power o everything we could to help themno se puede valer por sí mismo he can't manage by himselfno habría podido hacerlo sin tu ayuda I wouldn't have been able to do it o I couldn't have done it without your helpno debe (de) haber podido encontrarlo she obviously couldn't find it o can't have found it¡este niño no se puede estar quieto ni un minuto! this child just won't o can't keep still for a minute!con aquel ruido no se podía trabajar it was impossible to work o you couldn't work with that noise going on¿sabes que se han prometido? — ¡no te (lo) puedo creer! do you know they're engaged? — you're joking! o I don't believe it!B(expresando idea de permiso): ¿puedo servirme otro? can o may I have another one?ya pueden volver la hoja you may turn the page over now¿me puedo ir? — ¡no señor! can o may I go? — no, you cannot o may not!¿sales a jugar? — no puedo, estoy castigada are you coming out to play? — I can't, I'm being kept in¿puedo pasar? may I come in?¿le puedo hacer una sugerencia? may I make a suggestion?¿podría irme un poco más temprano hoy? could I leave a little earlier today?por mí, puedes hacer lo que quieras as far as I'm concerned, you can do whatever you likeno puede comer sal he isn't allowed to eat salt¿quién te lo dijo, si se puede saber? who told you, may I ask?¿se puede? — ¡adelante! may I? — come inaquí no se puede fumar smoking is not allowed here, you can't smoke hereC(expresando un derecho moral): no podemos hacerle eso we can't do that to herdespués de lo que has trabajado, bien puedes tomarte un descanso you're entitled to o you deserve a rest after all the work you've donees lo menos que puedes hacer it's the least you can doD1(en quejas, reproches): ¿cómo pudiste hacer una cosa así? how could you do such a thing?¿cómo puedes ser tan ingrato? how can you be so ungrateful?podías or podrías haberme avisado you could o might have warned me!2(en sugerencias): podrías or podías pedírselo tú, a ti siempre te hace caso why don't you ask him? he always listens to youya te puedes ir haciendo a la idea you'd better start getting used to the idea3(solicitando un favor): ¿puedes bajar un momento? can you come down for a moment?¿podrías hacerme un favor? could you do me a favor?¿no puedes irte a jugar a otra parte? can't you go and play somewhere else?A1 poder CON algo/algn:¿tú puedes con todo eso? can you manage all that?no puedo con esta maleta I can't manage this suitcaseyo no puedo solo con la casa, los niños y la tienda I can't do the housework, look after the children and run the store all on my own, I can't cope with the house, the children and the store all on my ownno pudo con el alemán y lo dejó he couldn't get o come to grips with German and he gave up¡con este niño no hay quien pueda! this child is just impossible!no se la puede con el trabajo he can't cope with the job o manage the job2el dinero lo puede todo money talks, you can do anything if you have moneyB ( en locuciones):a más no poder: comió a más no poder he ate until he was fit to burstgana dinero a más no poder she's making pots of money ( colloq), she's making money hand over fistes feo a más no poder he's as ugly as they comecorrimos a más no poder we ran for all we were worth o as fast as we couldno poder más: estoy que no puedo más (de cansancio) I'm exhausteda mí no me des postre que ya no puedo más don't serve me any dessert, I can't eat anything elseya no puedo más con este niño I'm at the end of my tether with this childno podía más, y ese estúpido que no salía del cuarto de baño I was desperate o I was bursting to go and that idiot wouldn't come out of the bathroom ( colloq)ya no puedo más, me está desquiciando I can't go on like this, it's driving me madno poder (por) menos que: uno no puede menos que sentirse halagado one can't help feeling flatteredno puedo menos que expresar mi profunda decepción I feel I must say how deeply disappointed I amno pudo menos que reconocer que teníamos razón she had no alternative but to admit that we were rightC1 ( fam)(vencer, ganar): él es más alto pero tú le puedes he's taller than you but you can beat himtu papá no le puede al mío your dad's not as strong as minea gracioso no hay quien le pueda as a comic, there's no-one to beat him o he's unbeatable2( Méx fam) (doler): tu desprecio le puede mucho she's very hurt by your disdainful attitude, your disdainful attitude hurts her deeplynos pudo mucho la muerte de Julio we were greatly saddened o terribly upset by Julio's deathA(con idea de eventualidad, posibilidad): puede aparecer en cualquier momento he may turn up at any momentde él se puede esperar cualquier cosa anything's possible with himno sé dónde lo puedo haber puesto I don't know where I can have put itno hagas nada que pueda resultar sospechoso don't do anything that might look suspiciouspuede haber venido mientras no estábamos he may have come while we were outhace horas que están reunidos ¿de qué pueden estar hablando? they've been in that meeting for hours, what can they be talking about?te podrías or podías haber matado you could have killed yourself!un error así puede costar millones a mistake like that could cost millionsno podía haber estado más amable she couldn't have been kinderllaman a la puerta — ¿quién podrá ser a estas horas? there's someone at the door — who can o could it be at this time?podría volver a ocurrir it could happen againPilar no pudo haber sido it couldn't have been PilarB ( en tercera persona):¿nos habrá mentido? — no sé, puede ser do you think he lied to us? — I don't know, he may have done o it's possibleno puede ser que no lo sepa he must knowno puede ser que ya haya terminado he can't have finished alreadysi puede ser or ( Esp) a poder ser preferiría la cuarta fila if possible, I'd prefer row fourme habría gustado verlo pero no pudo ser I would have liked to see him but it wasn't possible o it wasn't to bepuede (ser) que tengas razón you may o could be rightpuede (ser) que no nos haya visto he may not have seen us¿vas a votar para ella? — puede que sí or puede are you going to vote for her? — maybe o I may¿lo vas a aceptar? — puede que sí, puede que no are you going to accept it? — maybe, maybe notA1 (control, influencia) powerel poder de la prensa the power of the presstiene mucho poder en el pueblo he has a great deal of power o influence o he is a very powerful man in the villagela Familia Real no tiene ningún poder the Royal Family has no powerConstantinopla cayó en poder de los turcos Constantinople fell to the Turksestamos/nos tiene en su poder we are/she has us in her power2 ( Pol):el poder powerestar en el poder to be in powertomar el poder to take o seize powerasumir el poder to assume powerdetenta el poder desde hace 20 años ( frml); he has held power for 20 yearslleva cuatro años en el poder he has been in power for four yearstoda la vida buscó el poder y la gloria all her life she sought power and fameel poder en la sombra the power behind the throneel poder corrompe power corruptsB(posesión): la carta está en poder de las autoridades the letter is in the hands of the authoritieshay que evitar que llegue a su poder we have to stop it falling into his handsobra en su poder la copia del acta ( frml); you have in your possession a copy of the minutesla solicitud ya pasó a poder de la oficina central the application has already been passed to our head officeC1(derecho, atribución): tiene amplios/plenos poderes para investigar el asunto he has wide-ranging powers/full authority to investigate the matterla entrega or transmisión de poderes the handing over o transmission of powerlos poderes de la junta son ilimitados the junta has unlimited powerslos poderes que le han sido conferidos the powers which have been vested in himla separación de poderes entre la Iglesia y el Estado the division o separation of power between the Church and the StateD1 (capacidad, facultad) powersu poder de convicción or de persuasión her power of persuasionel poder del amor/de la sugestión the power of love/of suggestiontiene poderes extrasensoriales he has extrasensory powers2 (de un motor, aparato) powerCompuestos:masculine absolute powermasculine (de una divisa, un sueldo) purchasing power, buying power; (de una persona, un grupo) purchasing power, spending powermasculine divine powerel poder ejecutivo the executivempl power of attorneympl:los poderes públicos the authoritiesel poder judicial the judiciaryel poder legislativo the legislature* * *
poder 1 ( conjugate poder) v aux
1 ( tener la capacidad o posibilidad de):
no puedo pagar tanto I can't pay that much;
no podía dormir I couldn't sleep;
no va a poder venir he won't be able to come;
no pudo asistir he was unable to o he couldn't attend;
¿pudiste hacerlo sola? were you able to do it on your own?
2a) ( expresando idea de permiso):◊ ¿puedo servirme otro? can o may I have another one?;
¿podría irme más temprano hoy? could I leave earlier today?;
puedes hacer lo que quieras you can do whatever you like;
no puede comer sal he isn't allowed to eat salt;
¿se puede? — ¡adelante! may I? — come in;
aquí no se puede fumar smoking is not allowed hereb) ( solicitando un favor):◊ ¿puedes bajar un momento? can you come down for a moment?;
¿podrías hacerme un favor? could you do me a favor?
3 ( expresando derecho moral):
4 (en quejas, reproches): podías or podrías haberme avisado you could o might have warned me!
( con idea de esfuerzo)
1 poder con algo/algn:◊ ¿puedes con todo eso? can you manage all that?;
no puedo con este niño I can't cope with this child;
estoy que no puedo más ( cansado) I'm exhausted;
( lleno) I can't eat anything else;
2 (con idea de eventualidad, posibilidad): te podrías or podías haber matado you could have killed yourself!;
podría volver a ocurrir it could happen again;
no pudo ser it wasn't possible;
puede (ser) que tengas razón you may o could be right;
puede que sí, puede que no maybe, maybe not
3 (Méx) ( doler):
poder 2 sustantivo masculino
1
estamos en su poder we are in her powerb) (Pol)
estar en el poder to be in power;
tomar el poder to take o seize power
2 ( posesión):◊ la carta está en poder de … the letter is in the hands of …
3
( hecho ante notario) power of attorney;
casarse por poder (AmL) or (Esp) por poderes to get married by proxy
4
poder adquisitivo purchasing power
poder 1 sustantivo masculino power
Jur por poderes, by proxy
Econ poder adquisitivo, purchasing power
poder 2
I verbo transitivo
1 (tener capacidad) to be able to, can: no puedo evitarlo, I can't help it
podías habernos avisado, you could/ might have warned us
2 (tener derecho o autorización) may, might, can
¿puedo repetir?, may I have a second helping?
no puede tomar carne de cerdo, he can't eat pork
las mujeres ya pueden votar, women can already vote
3 (uso impers) may, might: puede que la vea luego, I might see her later
puede que sí, puede que no, maybe, maybe not
II verbo intransitivo
1 to cope [con, with]: no puedo con todo, I can't cope
2 (vencer, tener más fuerza) to be stronger than
En el presente, can y to be able to son sinónimos. Sin embargo, en el pasado could significa que podías hacer algo, mientras que was o were able to significa que, además de poder hacerlo, lo hiciste: I could tell him the truth. Podía decirle la verdad (no sabemos si lo hice). I was able to tell him the truth. Fui capaz de decirle la verdad (lo hice). En el futuro solo podemos emplear to be able to: I will be able to do it tomorrow. Podré hacerlo mañana.
Para expresar posibilidad puedes usar may, could o might. La diferencia consiste en el grado de probabilidad que sugieren. Recuerda que may se refiere a hechos más probables que might o could: Puede que llueva mañana. It may rain tomorrow (crees que es posible). It might/ could rain tomorrow (crees que la posibilidad es más remota).
' poder' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
absoluta
- absoluto
- abusar
- abuso
- adquisitiva
- adquisitivo
- ámbito
- caber
- CGPJ
- concentrar
- continuismo
- desgaste
- desperdicio
- destronar
- desvelarse
- dominio
- entregar
- erótica
- excedente
- garra
- grabar
- grandeza
- idea
- informal
- judicial
- legislativa
- legislativo
- manifestarse
- mano
- obrar
- parcela
- remediar
- respirar
- sátrapa
- sed
- seducción
- someterse
- sugestión
- usurpar
- ver
- acumular
- anhelar
- ansia
- ansiar
- atribuir
- autoridad
- ávido
- ceder
- clavar
- confiar
English:
able
- abuse
- afford
- anything
- assume
- assumption
- can
- conform
- cope
- encroach
- fold
- form
- foursome
- get
- glad
- greed
- greediness
- greedy
- handle
- hungry
- lust
- make
- manage
- may
- might
- office
- out
- power
- power of attorney
- proxy
- purchasing power
- seize
- seizure
- spending power
- stick
- stranglehold
- take aside
- takeover
- unable
- use
- utmost
- whichever
- zenith
- could
- executive
- height
- helplessly
- judiciary
- lie
- peace
* * *poder1 nm1. [mando, autoridad] power;la gente con más poder en la organización the most powerful people in the organization;estar en el poder to be in power;perder el poder to lose power;el poder corrompe power corrupts;la separación de poderes the separation of powers;de poder a poder: un enfrentamiento de poder a poder a heavyweight contest;el partido se disputó de poder a poder it was a close contest between two excellent sidespoder absoluto absolute power;el poder ejecutivo [el gobierno] the executive;los poderes fácticos the centres of power in society;el poder judicial [los jueces] the judiciary;el poder legislativo [las cortes] the legislature;poderes públicos (public) authoritiesobra en su poder un documento comprometedor she has in her possession a compromising document;tienen en su poder a varios rehenes they have taken a number of hostages;el pueblo cayó en poder del enemigo the town fell to the enemy;la casa pasó a poder del banco ownership of the house was transferred to the bank3. [capacidad] power;un producto con gran poder de limpieza a very powerful cleaning product;tener poderes (paranormales) to be psychic, to have psychic powerspoder adquisitivo [de salario] purchasing o buying power; [de persona] disposable income;poder calorífico calorific value;poder de convicción persuasive powers;poder de convocatoria: [m5] tener poder de convocatoria to be a crowd-puller;Mil poder de disuasión deterrent force; Mil poder disuasorio deterrent force4. [autorización] power, authorization;[documento] power of attorney;dar poderes a alguien para que haga algo to authorize sb to do sth;tener plenos poderes para hacer algo to be fully authorized to do sth;por poderes by proxy;poder notarial power of attorney [witnessed by a notary]♦ vi1. [tener facultad, capacidad] can, to be able to;no puedo decírtelo I can't tell you, I'm unable to tell you;ahora mismo no podemos atenderle, llame más tarde we can't o we are unable to take your call right now, please call later;¿puede correrse un poco, por favor? could you move up a bit, please?;al final pudo salir de allí in the end she managed to get out of there;¡así no se puede hacer nada! we'll never get anywhere like this!;de poder ir, sería a partir de las siete if I manage to o can make it, it will be after seven;en cuanto pueda as soon as possible;si puedo, te llamaré I'll call you if I get the chance2. [tener permiso] can, may;no puedo salir por la noche I'm not allowed to o I can't go out at night;¿podríamos ir contigo? could we go with you?;¿podría hablar un momento con usted? could I have a word with you?;¿se pueden hacer fotos? can we o are we allowed to take photos?;¿puedo fumar aquí? may o can I smoke here?;no se puede fumar you're not allowed to smoke;¿se puede? may I come in?;¿se puede saber dónde te habías metido? might I know o would you mind telling me where you were?3. [ser capaz moralmente] can;no podemos portarnos así con él we can't treat him like that;¿cómo puedes decir una cosa así? how can you say such a thing?4. [tener posibilidad, ser posible] may, can;puede volver de un momento a otro she could come back any moment;puedo haberlo perdido I may have lost it;podías haber cogido el tren you could have caught the train;puede estallar la guerra war could o may break out;¡habría podido invitarnos!, ¡podría habernos invitado! [expresa enfado] she could o might have invited us!;[tarea, problema] to be able to cope with;¿puedes con todas las bolsas? can you manage all those bags?;no puedo con este baúl, ¿me ayudas a levantarlo? I can't lift this trunk on my own, can you give me a hand?;no poder con algo/alguien [no soportar] not to be able to stand sth/sb;no puedo con la hipocresía I can't stand hypocrisy;¡contigo no hay quien pueda! you're impossible!es avaro a más no poder he's as miserly as can be;llovía a más no poder it was absolutely pouring down;la pierna me dolía a más no poder you can't imagine how much my leg was hurting;no poder más [estar cansado] to be too tired to carry on;[estar harto de comer] to be full (up); [estar enfadado, harto] to have had enough;no pude por menos que reírme I had to laugh, I couldn't help but laugh;Fam¡ya podrás, con una máquina como esa! anyone could do it with a machine like that!;no puedo con mi alma I'm ready to drop♦ v impersonal[ser posible] may;puede que llueva it may o might rain;puede que se haya equivocado she may be wrong;¿vendrás mañana? – puede will you come tomorrow? – I may do;puede que sí o puede que no maybe, maybe not;puede ser perhaps, maybe;si puede ser, a poder ser if (at all) possible;lo siento, pero no va a poder ser I'm sorry, but it's not going to be possible;puede ser que no lo sepa she may not know;¡no puede ser que sea ya tan tarde! surely it can't be that late already!♦ vt1. [ser más fuerte que] to be stronger than;tú eres más alto, pero yo te puedo you may be taller than me, but I could still beat you up;mi coche le puede al tuyo my car is faster than yours any dayle pudo su derrota, todavía no se repone losing really got to her, she still hasn't got over it* * *I v/aux1 capacidad can, be able to;no pude hablar con ella I wasn’t able to talk to her2 permiso can, be allowed to;¿puedo ir contigo? can o may I come with you?3 posibilidad may, might;¡podías habérselo dicho! you could have o you might have told himII v/i:me puede he can beat me;es franco a más no poder fam he’s as frank as they come fam ;comimos a más no poder fam we ate to bursting point fam ;no puedo más I can’t take any more, I’ve had enough;a poder ser if possible;puede ser perhaps, maybe;¡no puede ser! it can’t be!, that can’t be right!;puede que perhaps, maybe;puede ser que no lo sepa maybe o perhaps he doesn’t know;¿se puede? can I come in?, do you mind if I come in?;no pude menos de insultarle insulting him was the least I could doen poder de alguien in s.o.’s hands;plenos poderes pl full authority sg ;por poderes, L.Am.los poder es públicos the authorities* * *poder {58} v aux1) : to be able to, canno puede hablar: he can't speakpuede llover: it may rain at any moment¿cómo puede ser?: how can that be?¿puedo ir a la fiesta?: can I go to the party?¿se puede?: may I come in?poder vi1) : to beat, to defeatcree que le puede a cualquiera: he thinks he can beat anyone2) : to be possible¿crees que vendrán? - puede (que sí): do you think they'll come? - maybe3)poder con : to cope with, to manage¡no puedo con estos niños!: I can't handle these children!4)no poder más : to have had enoughno puede más: she can't take anymore5)no poder menos que : to not be able to helpno pudo menos que asombrarse: she couldn't help but be amazedpoder nm1) : control, powerpoder adquisitivo: purchasing power2) : authorityel poder legislativo: the legislature3) : possessionestá en mi poder: it's in my hands4) : strength, forcepoder militar: military might* * *poder1 n (en general) powerpoder2 vb1. (capacidad, posibilidad) can / could / to be able to¿puedo echarte una mano? can I give you a hand?¿qué podemos comprarle? what can we buy her?¿cuándo podrás venir? when will you be able to come?2. (permiso) can / may¿puedo hablar con el jefe? can I speak to the boss?¿se puede pasar? can I come in?3. (probabilidad) may / could / mightpuede que venga, puede que no he might come, he might notpoder con to manage / to cope with -
15 abandonar
v.1 to leave (place).María abandonó la habitación rápidamente Mary abandoned the room quickly.2 to leave (person).3 to give up (estudios).abandonó la carrera en el tercer año she dropped out of university in her third year, she gave up her studies in her third year4 to abandon, to desert, to forsake, to bail out on.Pedro abandonó a su familia Peter abandoned his family.Silvia abandonó sus sueños por Pedro Silvia abandoned her dreams for Peter.5 to quit, to cease trying, to desist, to give up.María abandonó Mary quit.6 to check out on.* * *1 (desamparar) to abandon, forsake2 (lugar) to leave, quit3 (actividad) to give up, withdraw from4 (traicionar) to desert5 (renunciar) to relinquish, renounce6 (descuidar) to neglect7 DEPORTE (retirarse) to withdraw from1 (descuidarse) to neglect oneself, let oneself go2 (entregarse) to give oneself up (a, to)3 (ceder) to give in* * *verb1) to abandon2) desert3) leave4) neglect5) give up6) renounce•* * *1. VT1) (=dejar abandonado) [+ cónyuge, hijo] to abandon, desert; [+ animal, casa, posesiones] to abandon; [+ obligaciones] to neglectla abandonó por otra mujer — he abandoned o deserted her for another woman
tuvimos que abandonar nuestras pertenencias en la huida — we had to abandon all our belongings when we fled
2) (=marcharse de) [+ lugar, organización] to leave3) (=renunciar a) [+ estudios, proyecto] to give up, abandon; [+ costumbre, cargo] to give up; [+ privilegio, título] to renounce, relinquishhemos abandonado la idea de montar un negocio — we have given up o abandoned the idea of starting a business
he decidido abandonar la política — I've decided to give up o abandon politics
si el tratamiento no da resultado lo abandonaremos — if the treatment doesn't work, we'll abandon it
se comprometieron a abandonar sus reivindicaciones territoriales — they promised to renounce o relinquish their territorial claims
4) [buen humor, suerte] to desert2. VI1) (Atletismo) [antes de la prueba] to pull out, withdraw; [durante la prueba] to pull out, retire2) (Boxeo) to concede defeat, throw in the towel * o (EEUU) sponge3) (Ajedrez) to resign, concede4) (Inform) to quit3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) (frml) < lugar> to leavelas tropas abandonaron el área — the troops pulled out of o left the area
b) <familia/bebé> to leave, abandon; <marido/amante> to leave; <coche/barco> to abandon2) fuerzas to desert3)a) <actividad/propósito/esperanza> to give upabandonó la lucha — he gave up the fight, he abandoned the struggle
abandonar los estudios — to drop out of school/college
b) (Dep) <carrera/partido> to retire, pull out2.abandonar vi (Dep)a) (antes de la carrera, competición) to withdraw, pull outb) (iniciada la carrera, competición) to retire, pull out; ( en ajedrez) to resign; (en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat3.abandonarse v pron1) ( entregarse)abandonarse a algo — a vicios/placeres to abandon oneself to something
2) ( en el aspecto personal) to let oneself go* * *= abandon, abort, drop, eschew, give up, quit, relinquish, stop, leave + wandering in, forsake, sweep aside, desert, opt out of, scrap, pull back, ditch, surrender, bail out, bargain away, dump, maroon, flake out, leave by + the wayside, get away, desist, go + cold turkey, walk out on, walk out, jump + ship.Ex. The Library of Congress has now reconsidered the position, and abandoned what was known as its compatible headings policy.Ex. It is important to know what police or fire responses are triggered by alarms and how that reaction can be aborted and the alarm silenced.Ex. Unfruitful lines of enquiry are dropped and new and more promising search terms are introduced as the search progresses.Ex. However, most contributors to the debate about the future of SLIS have eschewed practicalities in favour of sweeping and dramatic generalizations.Ex. If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.Ex. If you decide not to send or save the message, replace the question mark in front of ' Quit' with another character.Ex. The Library will consider relinquishing them only when there is strong assurance that their transfer would not adversely affect the library community.Ex. Program function key 1 (FP1) tells DOBIS/LIBIS to stop whatever it is doing and go back to the function selection screen.Ex. It is our professional duty to help the reader, leading him from author to author, book to book, with enough sure-footed confidence that he is guided up the literary mountain and not left wandering in the viewless foothills because of one's own incompetence.Ex. Indeed, she was delighted to forsake the urban reality of steel and glass, traffic and crime, aspirin and litter, for the sort of over-the-fence friendliness of the smaller city.Ex. The development of optical fibres for information transmission has exciting potential here, but there is a very large investment in the present systems which cannot be swept aside overnight.Ex. Recently, however, libraries have deserted the individual and have pandered too much to the needs of the general public.Ex. The author takes a critical look at the UK government's education policy with regard to schools' ' opting out' of local government control.Ex. There have even been rumours of plans to scrap most of the industrial side of its work and disperse key elements, such as the work on regional and industrial aid, to the provinces.Ex. To pull back now would make both her and him look bad.Ex. It is time that higher education institutions accepted the wisdom of collaboration and ditched, once and for all, the rhetoric of competition = Ya es hora de que las instituciones de enseñanza superior acepten la colaboración y rechacen, de una vez por todas, la competitividad.Ex. Instead the two ecclesiastical disputes which arose from Diocletian's decree to surrender scriptures must be seen as more disastrous to Christian unity than the destruction of libraries.Ex. In the article ' Bailing out' 9 of the 10 librarians interviewed admitted that they were trying to get out of librarianship partly due to unrealistic expectations learned in library school.Ex. Reduced support is a fact of life, and librarians cannot bargain away their budget pressures.Ex. The books may simply be laid before the librarian as they are found, ' dumped in his lap', as one writer puts it.Ex. A seemingly simple tale of schoolboys marooned on an island, the novel 'Lord of the Flies' is an enigmatic and provocative piece of literature.Ex. The actress flaked out again and the director is trying to line up a replacement.Ex. She seeks to recontextualize those events that history has estranged, destroyed or capriciously left by the wayside.Ex. Guards in the lead car of the convoy threw their doors open and ran for cover, screaming, 'Get away, get away'.Ex. One of them sputtered and gesticulated with sufficient violence to induce us to desist.Ex. Judging by the critical responses to the article so far, it looks like the world isn't quite ready to go cold turkey on its religion addiction.Ex. There are many thankless jobs in this world, but does that mean you can just walk out on them for your own selfish reasons?.Ex. At least five members of the audience walked out during the bishop's address.Ex. A new study suggests that up to 40% of currently employed individuals are ready to jump ship once the economy rebounds.----* abandonar el barco = abandon + ship.* abandonar las armas = put down + weapons.* abandonar los estudios = drop out (from school), drop out of + school.* abandonar los servicios de Alguien = drop out.* abandonarse = go to + seed.* abandonarse a = abandon + Reflexivo + to.* abandonar toda esperanza = give up + hope.* abandonar (toda/la) esperanza = abandon + (all) hope.* abandonar un hábito = stop + habit.* abandonar un lugar = quit + Lugar.* estudiante de bachiller que abandona los estudios = high-school dropout.* estudiante universitario que abandona los estudios = college dropout.* no abandonar = stick with, stand by.* persona que abandona Algo = quitter.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) (frml) < lugar> to leavelas tropas abandonaron el área — the troops pulled out of o left the area
b) <familia/bebé> to leave, abandon; <marido/amante> to leave; <coche/barco> to abandon2) fuerzas to desert3)a) <actividad/propósito/esperanza> to give upabandonó la lucha — he gave up the fight, he abandoned the struggle
abandonar los estudios — to drop out of school/college
b) (Dep) <carrera/partido> to retire, pull out2.abandonar vi (Dep)a) (antes de la carrera, competición) to withdraw, pull outb) (iniciada la carrera, competición) to retire, pull out; ( en ajedrez) to resign; (en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat3.abandonarse v pron1) ( entregarse)abandonarse a algo — a vicios/placeres to abandon oneself to something
2) ( en el aspecto personal) to let oneself go* * *= abandon, abort, drop, eschew, give up, quit, relinquish, stop, leave + wandering in, forsake, sweep aside, desert, opt out of, scrap, pull back, ditch, surrender, bail out, bargain away, dump, maroon, flake out, leave by + the wayside, get away, desist, go + cold turkey, walk out on, walk out, jump + ship.Ex: The Library of Congress has now reconsidered the position, and abandoned what was known as its compatible headings policy.
Ex: It is important to know what police or fire responses are triggered by alarms and how that reaction can be aborted and the alarm silenced.Ex: Unfruitful lines of enquiry are dropped and new and more promising search terms are introduced as the search progresses.Ex: However, most contributors to the debate about the future of SLIS have eschewed practicalities in favour of sweeping and dramatic generalizations.Ex: If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.Ex: If you decide not to send or save the message, replace the question mark in front of ' Quit' with another character.Ex: The Library will consider relinquishing them only when there is strong assurance that their transfer would not adversely affect the library community.Ex: Program function key 1 (FP1) tells DOBIS/LIBIS to stop whatever it is doing and go back to the function selection screen.Ex: It is our professional duty to help the reader, leading him from author to author, book to book, with enough sure-footed confidence that he is guided up the literary mountain and not left wandering in the viewless foothills because of one's own incompetence.Ex: Indeed, she was delighted to forsake the urban reality of steel and glass, traffic and crime, aspirin and litter, for the sort of over-the-fence friendliness of the smaller city.Ex: The development of optical fibres for information transmission has exciting potential here, but there is a very large investment in the present systems which cannot be swept aside overnight.Ex: Recently, however, libraries have deserted the individual and have pandered too much to the needs of the general public.Ex: The author takes a critical look at the UK government's education policy with regard to schools' ' opting out' of local government control.Ex: There have even been rumours of plans to scrap most of the industrial side of its work and disperse key elements, such as the work on regional and industrial aid, to the provinces.Ex: To pull back now would make both her and him look bad.Ex: It is time that higher education institutions accepted the wisdom of collaboration and ditched, once and for all, the rhetoric of competition = Ya es hora de que las instituciones de enseñanza superior acepten la colaboración y rechacen, de una vez por todas, la competitividad.Ex: Instead the two ecclesiastical disputes which arose from Diocletian's decree to surrender scriptures must be seen as more disastrous to Christian unity than the destruction of libraries.Ex: In the article ' Bailing out' 9 of the 10 librarians interviewed admitted that they were trying to get out of librarianship partly due to unrealistic expectations learned in library school.Ex: Reduced support is a fact of life, and librarians cannot bargain away their budget pressures.Ex: The books may simply be laid before the librarian as they are found, ' dumped in his lap', as one writer puts it.Ex: A seemingly simple tale of schoolboys marooned on an island, the novel 'Lord of the Flies' is an enigmatic and provocative piece of literature.Ex: The actress flaked out again and the director is trying to line up a replacement.Ex: She seeks to recontextualize those events that history has estranged, destroyed or capriciously left by the wayside.Ex: Guards in the lead car of the convoy threw their doors open and ran for cover, screaming, 'Get away, get away'.Ex: One of them sputtered and gesticulated with sufficient violence to induce us to desist.Ex: Judging by the critical responses to the article so far, it looks like the world isn't quite ready to go cold turkey on its religion addiction.Ex: There are many thankless jobs in this world, but does that mean you can just walk out on them for your own selfish reasons?.Ex: At least five members of the audience walked out during the bishop's address.Ex: A new study suggests that up to 40% of currently employed individuals are ready to jump ship once the economy rebounds.* abandonar el barco = abandon + ship.* abandonar las armas = put down + weapons.* abandonar los estudios = drop out (from school), drop out of + school.* abandonar los servicios de Alguien = drop out.* abandonarse = go to + seed.* abandonarse a = abandon + Reflexivo + to.* abandonar toda esperanza = give up + hope.* abandonar (toda/la) esperanza = abandon + (all) hope.* abandonar un hábito = stop + habit.* abandonar un lugar = quit + Lugar.* estudiante de bachiller que abandona los estudios = high-school dropout.* estudiante universitario que abandona los estudios = college dropout.* no abandonar = stick with, stand by.* persona que abandona Algo = quitter.* * *abandonar [A1 ]vtA1 ( frml); ‹lugar› to leaveel público abandonó el teatro the audience left the theaterse le concedió un plazo de 48 horas para abandonar el país he was given 48 hours to leave the countrymiles de personas abandonan la capital durante el verano thousands of people leave the capital in the summerlas tropas han comenzado a abandonar el área the troops have started to pull out of o leave the areaabandonó la reunión en señal de protesta he walked out of the meeting in protest2 ‹persona›abandonó a su familia he abandoned o deserted his familylo abandonó por otro she left him for another manabandonó al bebé en la puerta del hospital she abandoned o left the baby at the entrance to the hospitalabandonar a algn A algo to abandon sb TO sthdecidió volver, abandonando al grupo a su suerte he decided to turn back, abandoning the group to its fate3 ‹coche/barco› to abandonB «fuerzas» to desertlas fuerzas lo abandonaron y cayó al suelo his strength deserted him and he fell to the floorla suerte me ha abandonado my luck has run out o deserted menunca lo abandona el buen humor he's always good-humored, his good humor never deserts himC ‹actividad/propósito› to give upabandonó los estudios she abandoned o gave up her studies¿vas a abandonar el curso cuando te falta tan poco? you're not going to drop out of o give up the course at this late stage, are you?abandonó la lucha he gave up the fight, he abandoned the struggleha abandonado toda pretensión de salir elegido he has given up o abandoned any hopes he had of being electedabandonó la terapia he gave up his therapy, he stopped having therapy■ abandonarvi( Dep)1 (antes de iniciarse la carrera, competición) to withdraw, pull out2 (una vez iniciada la carrera, competición) to retire, pull out; (en ajedrez) to resign; (en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat, throw in the towelA(descuidarse): desde que tuvo hijos se ha abandonado since she had her children she's let herself gono te abandones y ve al médico don't neglect your health, go and see the doctorB (entregarse) abandonarse A algo ‹a vicios/placeres› to abandon oneself TO sthse abandonó al ocio she gave herself up to o abandoned herself to a life of leisurese abandonó al sueño he gave in to o succumbed to sleep, he let sleep overcome him, he surrendered to sleep* * *
abandonar ( conjugate abandonar) verbo transitivo
1
‹marido/amante› to leave;
‹coche/barco› to abandon;
2 [ fuerzas] to desert
3
◊ abandonar los estudios to drop out of school/college
verbo intransitivo (Dep)
(en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat
abandonarse verbo pronominal
1 ( entregarse) abandonarse a algo ‹a vicios/placeres› to abandon oneself to sth
2 ( en el aspecto personal) to let oneself go
abandonar
I verbo transitivo
1 (irse de) to leave, quit: tenemos que vernos hoy, porque mañana abandono Madrid, we've got to see eachother today because I'm leaving Madrid tomorrow
2 (a una persona, a un animal) to abandon
abandonar a alguien a su suerte, to leave someone to his fate
3 (un proyecto, los estudios) to give up
4 Dep (retirarse de una carrera) to drop out of
(un deporte) to drop
II vi (desfallecer) to give up: los resultados no son los esperados, pero no abandones, the results aren't as good as we expected, but don't give up
' abandonar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
dejar
- botar
- plantar
English:
abandon
- back away
- cast aside
- caution
- desert
- drop
- forsake
- free
- give up on
- habit
- idea
- jettison
- leave
- quit
- retire
- scrap
- stand by
- throw in
- walk out
- ditch
- give
- maroon
- stick
- vacate
- walk
* * *♦ vt1. [lugar] to leave;[barco, vehículo] to abandon;abandonó la sala tras el discurso she left the hall after the speech;abandonó su pueblo para trabajar en la ciudad she left her home town for a job in the city;abandonar el barco to abandon ship;¡abandonen el barco! abandon ship!;los cascos azules abandonarán pronto la región the UN peacekeeping troops will soon be pulling out of the region2. [persona] to leave;[hijo, animal] to abandon;abandonó a su hijo she abandoned her son;¡nunca te abandonaré! I'll never leave you!3. [estudios] to give up;[proyecto] to abandon;abandonó la carrera en el tercer año she dropped out of university in her third year, she gave up her studies in her third year;han amenazado con abandonar las negociaciones they have threatened to walk out of the negotiations;han amenazado con abandonar la liga they have threatened to pull out of the league;abandonar la lucha to give up the fight4. [sujeto: suerte, buen humor] to desert;lo abandonaron las fuerzas y tuvo que retirarse his strength gave out and he had to drop out;nunca la abandona su buen humor she never loses her good humour♦ vi1. [en carrera, competición] to pull out, to withdraw;[en ajedrez] to resign; [en boxeo] to throw in the towel;abandonó en el primer asalto his corner threw in the towel in the first round;una avería lo obligó a abandonar en la segunda vuelta a mechanical fault forced him to retire on the second lap2. [rendirse] to give up;no abandones ahora que estás casi al final don't give up now you've almost reached the end* * *I v/tII v/i DEP pull out* * *abandonar vt1) dejar: to abandon, to leave2) : to give up, to quitabandonaron la búsqueda: they gave up the search* * *abandonar vb2. (un sitio) to leave -
16 Historical Portugal
Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims inPortugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and theChurch (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict untilUN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU. -
17 ГЛАГОЛ
1. ГЛАГОЛ повторяется в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени, чтобы подчеркнуть непрерывность@ делаем и будем делатьМы поддерживали и будем поддерживать прифронтовые государства Африки. –We have always supported the front-line African states. We are continuing to support the front-line African states. We shall continue to support the front-line African states. We shall continue our support ( глагол заменяется существительным) for the front-line African states. @ не делаем и не сделаемРоссия не ослабляет и не ослабит усилий, направленных на то, чтобы отвести от человечества военную угрозу.Russia will not slacken its efforts/will persist in its efforts/will continue its efforts to protect mankind from the threat of war. @ не делали и не делаемПереводится обязательно сложным временем.Мы никогда не искали и не ищем себе выгод – будь то экономические, политические или иные. – We have never sought profits/advantages for ourselves – be they economic, political, or any other kind. @ делали и делаемМы предлагали и предлагаем договориться о полном запрещении ядерного оружия. –We are continuing to propose/continue to propose/continue to favor/we have always favored/always proposed agreement on a total nuclear weapons test ban. @ не сделали и не сделаемНаша страна не допустила и не допустит вмешательства в свои внутренние дела. –Our country has never allowed/will never allow/will continue to prevent/oppose interference in its internal affairs. @ делали и будем делатьМы выступали и будем выступать в их поддержку. -We shall continue to support them. (Лучше чем We have always supported them) @2. ГЛАГОЛ, повторенный через дефисkeep \+ verbЯ иду-иду, уже сил нет, а все еще далеко до места. – I keep/kept on going, but it is/was still a long distance to/far to the place.On I went,/I walked and walked, but… *** Он смотрел-смотрел, никак не мог разглядеть. – He kept on looking but/No matter how he looked he could not make it out.3. передача инфинитива при помощи будущего времениДети есть дети. – Children will be children.4. повелительное наклонениеа) в условном времениПриди я вовремя, ничего бы не случилось. – If I had come in time nothing would have happened.б) для выражения протеста против необходимости выполнять нежелательные действияТебе хорошо с гостями чаи распивать, а я дома сиди. – You’re having fun drinking tea with the guests while/but I’ve got to stay home.Сами гулять пойдете, а я пиши. – You can/go off on your own, I’ve got to write/ I’m stuck with the writing.с) неожиданное или непредвиденное действиеОн меня позвал – я споткнись, чашку разбил. – He called out to me and I stumbled and broke a cup.Дорога ровная – а он возьми и упади. – The road was flat/even when all of a sudden he fell.5. Настоящее время, описывающее серию событий в прошлом, переводится прошедшим.Возвращаюсь я вчера вечером домой, иду по нашей улице, вдруг слышу знакомый голос. – Last night as I was going home, walking down our street, I suddenly heard a familiar voice.6. Настоящее время переводится и настоящим, и будущим.Я уезжаю через неделю, завтра я весь день работаю, а вечером сижу дома. – I’m leaving in a week – tomorrow I’ll work/I’m working all day and in the evening I’ll be home.7. Совершенный вид русских глаголов, выражающих повторное действие, переводится с помощью длительного настоящего времени.Сегодня мне весь день мешают – то кто-нибудь придет, то телефон зазвонит. – I’m being bothered all day – people keep coming in and the phone keeps ringing.8. Описание характерного или привычного поведения человека.Он всегда прибежит, накричит, наскандалит, а потом удивляется, почему его не любят. – He’s always barging in/rushing in screaming/yelling at someone/causing trouble/insulting people/offending people/raising a row and then he wonders why/is surprised that/and then he asks why people don’t like him.9. В разговорных конструкциях прошедшее время от глаголов «пойти» и «поехать» передается будущим временем.Я пошел. – I’m about to leave.Я поехал, буду через два часа. – I’m off/I’ll be going/I’ll be back in two hours.10. Перевод конструкций типа «то, что» «чтобы»a) Сокращение и переосмыслениеСложность этого эксперимента заключается в том, что он требует длительного времени. – The problem with this experiment is that it requires a lot of time.Утешение было только в том, что он уезжал всего на несколько дней. – The only consolation was that he would be away for long/was leaving for only a few days.б) использование деепричастного оборота (это идиоматичнее и короче)Мы начали вечер с того, что предложили всем потанцевать. – We started the party/evening by suggesting/with the suggestion that everyone dance.Он начал с того, что лично познакомился со всеми.- Не began by introducing himself to everyone/by getting personally acquainted with everyone.в) Порой «чтобы» не переводится, и время глагола определяется контекстом:Я не видел, чтобы он чистил зубы. - I didn't see him brush his teeth/I never saw him brush his teeth.Я хочу, чтобы вы меня правильно поняли. - I want you to understand me correctly/to get what I mean.г) to + infinitive вместо довольно неуклюжей конструкции in order to или so as toЯ вернулся с тем, чтобы предупредить вас. - I came back to warn you.Я пришел не с тем, чтобы спорить с вами. - I didn't come to argue with you.д) Иногда можно заменить «чтобы» словами so that:Говори, чтобы все поняли. - Speak so that everyone understands/gets the point.11. Придаточные предложения, которые начинаются с «как» или с «как бы», можно перевести на английский с помощью условного наклонения или деепричастия.Я люблю смотреть, как он выступает. - I like watching him perform/I like to watch him perform/I like watching him performing.Он боялся, как бы не простудиться. - Не was afraid of catching cold/He was afraid he might/could catch cold.12. «He + инфинитив + бы» требует don't или see that X doesn't do Y.He простудиться бы! - Take care/I'll take care not to/See that you don't catch cold.He забыть бы его адрес! - See you don't/take care not to/be sure you don't/I mustn't/I must take care not to forget his address.13. перевод вида глаголаа) Переводчик должен постоянно иметь в виду, что в английском языке используются совершенно разные глаголы для передачи смысла обоих членов одной русской видовой пары, как, например, «сделать» и «делать»Что же делал Бельтов в продолжение этих десяти лет? Все или почти все. Что он сделал? Ничего или почти ничего. -What did Beltov do during these ten years? Everything or almost everything. What did he achieve? Nothing, or almost nothing. уверить — convince решать — try to solve решить — solve. учиться — study научиться — learn отыскивать — look for отыскать — find сдавать экзамен - to take an exam сдать экзамен - to pass an exam поступать в университет - to apply to a university поступить в университет - be admitted/get into a universityб) При переводе глаголов несовершенного вида нельзя не подчеркнуть, что речь идет о попытках говорящего или кого-то другого что-либо сделать.Войска брали крепость целый месяц. - The troops tried for a whole month to take the fortress.Я к нему долго привыкал, но наконец привык. - For a long time I tried to get used to him, and finally did. He оправдывайся! - Don't try to justify yourselfl/Don't try to make excuses!с)Существует также целая категория особых глаголов, у которых несовершенный вид указывает на состояние, которое является результатом завершенного действия и передается совершенным видом.Я «понимаю» is the result of «я понял», and note that English "I understand" translates them both. The formal pair «разобраться/разбираться» are exactly the same; the verb in «я разобрался в этом» is an achievement with the change-of-state meaning characteristic of perfectives, while the verb in «я разбираюсь в этом» signals the state resulting from the achievement. They may both be translated as / understand, but the former means / have figured out (come to understand), while the latter means I understand (as a result of having figured out). These verbs belong to a very large group of perfectives whose change of state is inceptive, whose imperfectives denote the new, resulting state: «понял, понимаю, поверил, верю, понравиться, нравиться».14. Перевод безличных конструкцийа) Во множественном числе третьего лица безличную конструкцию можно переделать в пассивную:Посетителей просят оставить верхнюю одежду в гардеробе. -Visitors are requested/asked to leave/Visitors must leave/check their coats in the coatroom.б) Можно вставить субъект/подлежащее:Об этом часто приходится слышать. - I/he/we/they often hear about this.Чувствовалось, что он доволен. - I/we/they felt/could feel that he was pleased.в) В некоторых контекстах возвратные глаголы переводятся как переходные с добавлением подлежащего:Под вакуумом понимается пространство, не содержащее вещества. - A vacuum is defined as space/By a vacuum we mean space/The definition of a vacuum is space/A vacuum is understood to be space free from/not containing/devoid of matter.В данном случае сложное движение рассматривается как результат двух движений. - In this case complex movement is considered as/considered to be/we see complex movement as/we define complex movement as the result of two movements.г) Когда русское местоимение является дополнением безличных глаголов, то можно переделать в подлежащее/субъект.В ушах звенело, во рту пересохло. - His/my ears were ringing, his/my throat was dry.Меня неудержимо клонило в сон. - I felt an irresistible urge to sleep/I just couldn't stay awake/I felt horribly/terribly/awfully sleepy. Ее потянуло в Париж. - She felt an urge to go to Paris/Paris was calling to her/She felt like going to Paris. Мне жаль мою подругу. - I'm sorry for my girlfriend.15. Перевод причастий@ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ ПРИЧАСТИЕ НАСТОЯЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ1. переводится на английский глагольной формой на -ing.Девушка, читающая книгу, очень красива - The girl who is reading the book is very pretty.2. переводится с пропуском причастия, т.е. с помощью короткого оборота с предлогом и краткого придаточного предложенияГруппа, имеющая такие блестящие результаты, является гордостью нашего института. - The group with such outstanding results is the pride of our institute.Вопрос, выходящий за рамки данной статьи. - A matter/issue/question beyond the scope of this article.***см. ГЛАГОЛ@ВОЗВРАТНАЯ ЧАСТИЦАобычно переводится оборотом с предлогом:Строящийся завод является одним из новейших в стране. - The factory under construction is one of the newest in the country.***см. ГЛАГОЛ@ПРИНАДЛЕЖАЩИЙможно выразить просто притяжательной формой:Книга, принадлежащая ей. - Her book.***см. ГЛАГОЛ@СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ НАСТОЯЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ1. переводятся с русского языка скорее как прилагательные, чем как причастия.Проводимая страной политика одобряется всем народом. - The policy pursued (not "which is being pursued") by our country has the backing/approval of the entire people.2. в некоторых случаях причастие можно просто опустить:Ясно определились позиции, занимаемые обеими сторонами по таким жизненно важным вопросам. - The positions of both sides on such vitally important questions are now clear.***см. ГЛАГОЛ@16. Перевод деепричастий.а) Прошедшее время из русского языка нередко переходит в английский в качестве деепричастия.Мы видели, как дети купались в реке. We saw the children swimming in the river.б) Деепричастие настоящего времени подчас приходится переводить на английский прошедшим:Раза два в год бывал в Москве и, возвращаясь оттуда, рассказывал об этом. Не would visit/used to visit Moscow a couple of times a year, and after returning home/on his return home tell/would tell about it.в) Деепричастие прошедшего времени в некоторых случаях становится деепричастием и в настоящем:Сев за рояль, она заиграла вальс. - Sitting at the piano, she played a waltz.г) При переводе русских деепричастий бывает необходимым объяснение причинных или временных обстоятельств:Выслушав меня внимательно, вы быстро меня поймете. If you listen to me carefully, you'll understand quickly.Почувствовав голод, они решили обедать без гостей. - Because/since they were hungry, they decided to eat without/without waiting for/the guests. Переехав в собственную квартиру, он стал гораздо более самостоятельным человеком. - When/after he moved to his own apartment he became a lot more independent.д) В описательных деепричастных оборотах можно заменить деепричастие конструкцией «with + имя существительное»:Он сидел, закрыв глаза. - Не sat/was sitting with his eyes closed.«Это очень смешно!» — сказал он, засмеявшись. "That's very funny," he said with a laugh.е) Так называемые «безличные» деепричастия, которые часто встречаются в Русских технических текстах, иногда заменяются существительными или перед ними вставляется предлог.Используя эти данные, можно приближенно предсказать процесс. - Use of this data allows us to make an approximate prediction of the process/By using this data, we can make...Изучая эту таблицу, легко видеть, что... - Study of this table makes it clear that.../In studying this table we clearly see that…17. Сокращение глагольных конструкцийПодчас русское словосочетание выражается одним английским глаголом. Смысл передается при помощи приставки или суффикса en-, un-, -ize, -ate.утверждать то, что оказалось чистейшей чепухой – to talk utter nonsenseрасполагать в алфавитном порядке – to alphabetize заставить грубой силой – to bludgeon приводить в систему, распределять по категориям – list, categorize лишать законной силы – to invalidate выводить из строя – to incapacitate поймать в ловушку – to entrapСловарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > ГЛАГОЛ
-
18 ГЛАГОЛ
1. ГЛАГОЛ повторяется в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени, чтобы подчеркнуть непрерывность- делаем и будем делать
- не делаем и не сделаем
- не делали и не делаем
- делали и делаем
- не сделали и не сделаем
- делали и будем делать2. ГЛАГОЛ, повторенный через дефисkeep + verbЯ иду-иду, уже сил нет, а все еще далеко до места. – I keep/kept on going, but it is/was still a long distance to/far to the place.On I went,/I walked and walked, but… *** Он смотрел-смотрел, никак не мог разглядеть. – He kept on looking but/No matter how he looked he could not make it out.3. передача инфинитива при помощи будущего времениДети есть дети. – Children will be children.4. повелительное наклонениеа) в условном времениПриди я вовремя, ничего бы не случилось. – If I had come in time nothing would have happened.б) для выражения протеста против необходимости выполнять нежелательные действияТебе хорошо с гостями чаи распивать, а я дома сиди. – You’re having fun drinking tea with the guests while/but I’ve got to stay home.Сами гулять пойдете, а я пиши. – You can/go off on your own, I’ve got to write/ I’m stuck with the writing.с) неожиданное или непредвиденное действиеОн меня позвал – я споткнись, чашку разбил. – He called out to me and I stumbled and broke a cup.Дорога ровная – а он возьми и упади. – The road was flat/even when all of a sudden he fell.5. Настоящее время, описывающее серию событий в прошлом, переводится прошедшим.Возвращаюсь я вчера вечером домой, иду по нашей улице, вдруг слышу знакомый голос. – Last night as I was going home, walking down our street, I suddenly heard a familiar voice.6. Настоящее время переводится и настоящим, и будущим.Я уезжаю через неделю, завтра я весь день работаю, а вечером сижу дома. – I’m leaving in a week – tomorrow I’ll work/I’m working all day and in the evening I’ll be home.7. Совершенный вид русских глаголов, выражающих повторное действие, переводится с помощью длительного настоящего времени.Сегодня мне весь день мешают – то кто-нибудь придет, то телефон зазвонит. – I’m being bothered all day – people keep coming in and the phone keeps ringing.8. Описание характерного или привычного поведения человека.Он всегда прибежит, накричит, наскандалит, а потом удивляется, почему его не любят. – He’s always barging in/rushing in screaming/yelling at someone/causing trouble/insulting people/offending people/raising a row and then he wonders why/is surprised that/and then he asks why people don’t like him.9. В разговорных конструкциях прошедшее время от глаголов «пойти» и «поехать» передается будущим временем.Я пошел. – I’m about to leave.Я поехал, буду через два часа. – I’m off/I’ll be going/I’ll be back in two hours.10. Перевод конструкций типа «то, что» «чтобы»a) Сокращение и переосмыслениеСложность этого эксперимента заключается в том, что он требует длительного времени. – The problem with this experiment is that it requires a lot of time.Утешение было только в том, что он уезжал всего на несколько дней. – The only consolation was that he would be away for long/was leaving for only a few days.б) использование деепричастного оборота (это идиоматичнее и короче)Мы начали вечер с того, что предложили всем потанцевать. – We started the party/evening by suggesting/with the suggestion that everyone dance.Он начал с того, что лично познакомился со всеми.- Не began by introducing himself to everyone/by getting personally acquainted with everyone.в) Порой «чтобы» не переводится, и время глагола определяется контекстом:Я не видел, чтобы он чистил зубы. - I didn't see him brush his teeth/I never saw him brush his teeth.Я хочу, чтобы вы меня правильно поняли. - I want you to understand me correctly/to get what I mean.г) to + infinitive вместо довольно неуклюжей конструкции in order to или so as toЯ вернулся с тем, чтобы предупредить вас. - I came back to warn you.Я пришел не с тем, чтобы спорить с вами. - I didn't come to argue with you.д) Иногда можно заменить «чтобы» словами so that:Говори, чтобы все поняли. - Speak so that everyone understands/gets the point.11. Придаточные предложения, которые начинаются с «как» или с «как бы», можно перевести на английский с помощью условного наклонения или деепричастия.Я люблю смотреть, как он выступает. - I like watching him perform/I like to watch him perform/I like watching him performing.Он боялся, как бы не простудиться. - Не was afraid of catching cold/He was afraid he might/could catch cold.12. «He + инфинитив + бы» требует don't или see that X doesn't do Y.He простудиться бы! - Take care/I'll take care not to/See that you don't catch cold.He забыть бы его адрес! - See you don't/take care not to/be sure you don't/I mustn't/I must take care not to forget his address.13. перевод вида глаголаа) Переводчик должен постоянно иметь в виду, что в английском языке используются совершенно разные глаголы для передачи смысла обоих членов одной русской видовой пары, как, например, «сделать» и «делать»Что же делал Бельтов в продолжение этих десяти лет? Все или почти все. Что он сделал? Ничего или почти ничего. -What did Beltov do during these ten years? Everything or almost everything. What did he achieve? Nothing, or almost nothing. уверить — convince решать — try to solve решить — solve. учиться — study научиться — learn отыскивать — look for отыскать — find сдавать экзамен - to take an exam сдать экзамен - to pass an exam поступать в университет - to apply to a university поступить в университет - be admitted/get into a universityб) При переводе глаголов несовершенного вида нельзя не подчеркнуть, что речь идет о попытках говорящего или кого-то другого что-либо сделать.Войска брали крепость целый месяц. - The troops tried for a whole month to take the fortress.Я к нему долго привыкал, но наконец привык. - For a long time I tried to get used to him, and finally did. He оправдывайся! - Don't try to justify yourselfl/Don't try to make excuses!с)Существует также целая категория особых глаголов, у которых несовершенный вид указывает на состояние, которое является результатом завершенного действия и передается совершенным видом.Я «понимаю» is the result of «я понял», and note that English "I understand" translates them both. The formal pair «разобраться/разбираться» are exactly the same; the verb in «я разобрался в этом» is an achievement with the change-of-state meaning characteristic of perfectives, while the verb in «я разбираюсь в этом» signals the state resulting from the achievement. They may both be translated as / understand, but the former means / have figured out (come to understand), while the latter means I understand (as a result of having figured out). These verbs belong to a very large group of perfectives whose change of state is inceptive, whose imperfectives denote the new, resulting state: «понял, понимаю, поверил, верю, понравиться, нравиться».14. Перевод безличных конструкцийа) Во множественном числе третьего лица безличную конструкцию можно переделать в пассивную:Посетителей просят оставить верхнюю одежду в гардеробе. -Visitors are requested/asked to leave/Visitors must leave/check their coats in the coatroom.б) Можно вставить субъект/подлежащее:Об этом часто приходится слышать. - I/he/we/they often hear about this.Чувствовалось, что он доволен. - I/we/they felt/could feel that he was pleased.в) В некоторых контекстах возвратные глаголы переводятся как переходные с добавлением подлежащего:Под вакуумом понимается пространство, не содержащее вещества. - A vacuum is defined as space/By a vacuum we mean space/The definition of a vacuum is space/A vacuum is understood to be space free from/not containing/devoid of matter.В данном случае сложное движение рассматривается как результат двух движений. - In this case complex movement is considered as/considered to be/we see complex movement as/we define complex movement as the result of two movements.г) Когда русское местоимение является дополнением безличных глаголов, то можно переделать в подлежащее/субъект.В ушах звенело, во рту пересохло. - His/my ears were ringing, his/my throat was dry.Меня неудержимо клонило в сон. - I felt an irresistible urge to sleep/I just couldn't stay awake/I felt horribly/terribly/awfully sleepy. Ее потянуло в Париж. - She felt an urge to go to Paris/Paris was calling to her/She felt like going to Paris. Мне жаль мою подругу. - I'm sorry for my girlfriend.15. Перевод причастий- ВОЗВРАТНАЯ ЧАСТИЦА
- ПРИНАДЛЕЖАЩИЙ
- СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ НАСТОЯЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ16. Перевод деепричастий.а) Прошедшее время из русского языка нередко переходит в английский в качестве деепричастия.Мы видели, как дети купались в реке. We saw the children swimming in the river.б) Деепричастие настоящего времени подчас приходится переводить на английский прошедшим:Раза два в год бывал в Москве и, возвращаясь оттуда, рассказывал об этом. Не would visit/used to visit Moscow a couple of times a year, and after returning home/on his return home tell/would tell about it.в) Деепричастие прошедшего времени в некоторых случаях становится деепричастием и в настоящем:Сев за рояль, она заиграла вальс. - Sitting at the piano, she played a waltz.г) При переводе русских деепричастий бывает необходимым объяснение причинных или временных обстоятельств:Выслушав меня внимательно, вы быстро меня поймете. If you listen to me carefully, you'll understand quickly.Почувствовав голод, они решили обедать без гостей. - Because/since they were hungry, they decided to eat without/without waiting for/the guests. Переехав в собственную квартиру, он стал гораздо более самостоятельным человеком. - When/after he moved to his own apartment he became a lot more independent.д) В описательных деепричастных оборотах можно заменить деепричастие конструкцией «with + имя существительное»:Он сидел, закрыв глаза. - Не sat/was sitting with his eyes closed.«Это очень смешно!» — сказал он, засмеявшись. "That's very funny," he said with a laugh.е) Так называемые «безличные» деепричастия, которые часто встречаются в Русских технических текстах, иногда заменяются существительными или перед ними вставляется предлог.Используя эти данные, можно приближенно предсказать процесс. - Use of this data allows us to make an approximate prediction of the process/By using this data, we can make...Изучая эту таблицу, легко видеть, что... - Study of this table makes it clear that.../In studying this table we clearly see that…17. Сокращение глагольных конструкцийПодчас русское словосочетание выражается одним английским глаголом. Смысл передается при помощи приставки или суффикса en-, un-, -ize, -ate.утверждать то, что оказалось чистейшей чепухой – to talk utter nonsenseрасполагать в алфавитном порядке – to alphabetize заставить грубой силой – to bludgeon приводить в систему, распределять по категориям – list, categorize лишать законной силы – to invalidate выводить из строя – to incapacitate поймать в ловушку – to entrap -
19 δικαιόω
δικαιόω fut. δικαιώσω; 1 aor. ἐδικαίωσα. Pass.: 1 fut. δικαιωθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐδικαιώθην, subj. δικαιωθῶ, ptc. δικαιωθείς; pf. δεδικαίωμαι Ro 6:7; 1 Cor 4:4; ptc. δεδικαιωμένος Lk 18:14 (Soph., Hdt.; Aristot., EN 1136a; et al.; pap, LXX; En 102:10; TestAbr A 13 p. 93, 14 [Stone p. 34]; Test12Patr; ApcSed, 14:8 p. 136, 15 Ja.; Jos., Ant. 17, 206; Just.; Ath., R. 53, 1; 65, 14) to practice δικαιοσύνη.① to take up a legal cause, show justice, do justice, take up a cause τινά (Polyb. 3, 31, 9 ὑμᾶς δὲ αὐτοὺς … δικαιώσεσθε ‘you will (find it necessary to) take up your own cause’ = you will sit in judgment on yourselves; Cass. Dio 48, 46 ‘Antony was not taking Caesar’s side’ in the matter; 2 Km 15:4; Ps 81:3) δικαιῶσαι δίκαιον take up the cause of an upright pers. 1 Cl 16:12 (Is 53:11); τινί χήρᾳ (χήραν v.l.) 8:4 (Is 1:17 ‘take up the cause of the widow’).② to render a favorable verdict, vindicate.ⓐ as activity of humans justify, vindicate, treat as just (Appian, Liby. 17 §70; Gen 44:16; Sir 10:29; 13:22; 23:11 al.) θέλων δ. ἑαυτόν wishing to justify himself Lk 10:29; δ. ἑαυτὸν ἐνώπιόν τινος j. oneself before someone=‘you try to make out a good case for yourselves before the public’ 16:15 (δ. ἐαυτόν as En 102:10; but s. JJeremias, ZNW 38, ’39, 117f [against him SAalen, NTS 13, ’67, 1ff]). ὁ δικαιούμενός μοι the one who vindicates himself before (or against) me B 6:1 (cp. Is 50:8). τελῶναι ἐδικαίωσαν τὸν θεόν βαπτισθέντες tax-collectors affirmed God’s uprightness and got baptized i.e. by ruling in God’s favor they admitted that they were in the wrong and took a new direction (opp. τὴν βουλὴν τ. θεοῦ ἀθετεῖν) Lk 7:29 (cp. PsSol 2:15; 3:5; 8:7, 23; 9:2).ⓑ of experience or activity of transcendent figures, esp. in relation to humansα. of wisdom ἐδικαιώθη ἀπὸ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς is vindicated by her children (on δικ. ἀπό cp. Is 45:25. S. also Appian, Basil. 8: δικαιόω=consider someth. just or correct) Lk 7:35; also ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῆς Mt 11:19 (v.l. τέκνων). On this saying s. DVölter, NThT 8, 1919, 22–42; JBover, Biblica 6, 1925, 323–25; 463–65; M-JLagrange, ibid. 461–63. Of an angel Hm 5, 1, 7.β. of God be found in the right, be free of charges (cp. TestAbr A 13 p. 93, 14 [Stone p. 34] ‘be vindicated’ in a trial by fire) Mt 12:37 (opp. καταδικάζειν). δεδικαιωμένος Lk 18:14; GJs 5:1; δεδικαιωμένη (Salome) 20:4 (not pap). Ac 13:39 (but s. 3 below); Rv 22:11 v.l; Dg 5:14.—Paul, who has influenced later wr. (cp. Iren. 3, 18, 7 [Harv. II 102, 2f]), uses the word almost exclusively of God’s judgment. As affirmative verdict Ro 2:13. Esp. of pers. δικαιοῦσθαι be acquitted, be pronounced and treated as righteous and thereby become δίκαιος, receive the divine gift of δικαιοσύνη through faith in Christ Jesus and apart from νόμος as a basis for evaluation (MSeifrid, Justification by Faith—The Origin and Development of a Central Pauline Theme ’92) 3:20 (Ps 142:2), 24, 28; 4:2; 5:1, 9; 1 Cor 4:4; Gal 2:16f (Ps 142:2); 3:11, 24; 5:4; Tit 3:7; Phil 3:12 v.l.; B 4:10; 15:7; IPhld 8:2; Dg 9:4; (w. ἁγιάζεσθαι) Hv 3, 9, 1. οὐ παρὰ τοῦτο δεδικαίωμαι I am not justified by this (after 1 Cor 4:4) IRo 5:1. ἵνα δικαιωθῇ σου ἡ σάρξ that your flesh (as the sinful part) may be acquitted Hs 5, 7, 1; δ. ἔργοις by (on the basis of) works, by what one does 1 Cl 30:3; cp. Js 2:21, 24f (ἔργον 1a and πίστις 2dδ); διʼ ἐαυτῶν δ. by oneself=as a result of one’s own accomplishments 1 Cl 32:4. (cp. κατὰ νόμον Hippol., Ref. 7, 34, 1).—Since Paul views God’s justifying action in close connection with the power of Christ’s resurrection, there is sometimes no clear distinction between the justifying action of acquittal and the gift of new life through the Holy Spirit as God’s activity in promoting uprightness in believers. Passages of this nature include Ro 3:26, 30; 4:5 (on δικαιοῦν τὸν ἀσεβῆ cp. the warning against accepting δῶρα to arrange acquittal Ex 23:7 and Is 5:23; δικαιούμενοι δωρεάν Ro 3:24 is therefore all the more pointed); 8:30, 33 (Is 50:8); Gal 3:8; Dg 9:5. For the view (held since Chrysostom) that δ. in these and other pass. means ‘make upright’ s. Goodsp., Probs. 143–46, JBL 73, ’54, 86–91.③ to cause someone to be released from personal or institutional claims that are no longer to be considered pertinent or valid, make free/pure (the act. Ps 72:13) in our lit. pass. δικαιοῦμαι be set free, made pure ἀπό from (Sir 26:29; TestSim 6:1, both δικ. ἀπὸ [τῆς] ἁμαρτίας) ἀπὸ πάντων ὧν οὐκ ἠδυνήθητε ἐν νόμω Μωϋσέως δικαιωθῆναι from everything fr. which you could not be freed by the law of Moses Ac 13:38; cp. vs. 39. ὁ ἀποθανὼν δεδικαίωται ἀπὸ τ. ἁμαρτίας the one who died is freed fr. sin Ro 6:7 (s. KKuhn, ZNW 30, ’31, 305–10; EKlaar, ibid. 59, ’68, 131–34). In the context of 1 Cor 6:11 ἐδικαιώθητε means you have become pure.—In the language of the mystery religions (Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 258ff) δικαιοῦσθαι refers to a radical inner change which the initiate experiences (Herm. Wr. 13, 9 χωρὶς γὰρ κρίσεως ἰδὲ πῶς τὴν ἀδικίαν ἐξήλασεν. ἐδικαιώθημεν, ὦ τέκνον, ἀδικίας ἀπούσης) and approaches the sense ‘become deified’. Some are inclined to find in 1 Ti 3:16 a similar use; but see under 4.④ to demonstrate to be morally right, prove to be right, pass. of God is proved to be right Ro 3:4; 1 Cl 18:4 (both Ps 50:6). Of Christ 1 Ti 3:16.—Lit. s. on δικαιοσύνη 3c.—HRosman, Iustificare (δικαιοῦν) est verbum causativum: Verbum Domini 21, ’41, 144–47; NWatson, Δικ. in the LXX, JBL 79, ’60, 255–66; CCosgrove, JBL 106, ’87, 653–70.—DELG s.v. δίκη. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. -
20 get
get [get]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━3. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. ( = have, receive, obtain) avoir━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Some get + noun combinations may take a more specific French verb.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• first I need to get a better idea of the situation je dois d'abord me faire une meilleure idée de la situation► have/has got• how many have you got? combien en avez-vous ?• I've got it! ( = have safely) (ça y est) je l'ai !• you're okay, I've got you! ne t'en fais pas, je te tiens !b. ( = find) trouver• it's difficult to get a hotel room in August c'est difficile de trouver une chambre d'hôtel en août• you get different kinds of... on trouve plusieurs sortes de...c. ( = buy) acheter• where do they get their raw materials? où est-ce qu'ils achètent leurs matières premières ?d. ( = fetch, pick up) aller chercher• can you get my coat from the cleaners? est-ce que tu peux aller chercher mon manteau au pressing ?• can I get you a drink? est-ce que je peux vous offrir quelque chose ?e. ( = take) prendref. ( = call in) appelerg. ( = prepare) préparerh. ( = catch) [+ disease, fugitive] attraper ; [+ name, details] comprendre• we'll get them yet! on leur revaudra ça !• he'll get you for that! qu'est-ce que tu vas prendre ! (inf)• you've got it in one! (inf) tu as tout compris !• let me get this right, you're saying that... alors, si je comprends bien, tu dis que...j. ( = answer) can you get the phone? est-ce que tu peux répondre ?• I'll get it! j'y vais !► to get + adjective━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► This construction is often translated by a verb alone. Look up the relevant adjective.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• when do you think you'll get it finished? ( = when will you finish it) quand penses-tu avoir fini ?• you can't get anything done round here ( = do anything) il est impossible de travailler ici► to get sb/sth to do sth━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• to get sth going [+ machine] faire marcher qch► to get sb/sth somewhere• how can we get it home? comment faire pour l'apporter à la maison ?• to get sth upstairs monter qch► to get sb/sth + preposition• to get o.s. into a difficult position se mettre dans une situation délicate• how do you get there? comment fait-on pour y aller ?• can you get there from London by bus? est-ce qu'on peut y aller de Londres en bus ?• what time do you get to Sheffield? à quelle heure arrivez-vous à Sheffield ?► to get + adverb/preposition• how did that box get here? comment cette boîte est-elle arrivée ici ?• what's got into him? qu'est-ce qui lui prend ?• now we're getting somewhere! (inf) enfin du progrès !• how's your thesis going? -- I'm getting there où en es-tu avec ta thèse ? -- ça avance• where did you get to? où étais-tu donc passé ?• where can he have got to? où est-il passé ?• where have you got to? (in book, work) où en êtes-vous ?► to get + adjective━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► This construction is often translated by a verb alone.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• how stupid can you get? il faut vraiment être stupide !• to get used to sth/to doing s'habituer à qch/à faire► to get + past participle (passive)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Reflexive verbs are used when the sense is not passive.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► to get to + infinitive• students only get to use the library between 2pm and 8pm les étudiants ne peuvent utiliser la bibliothèque qu'entre 14 heures et 20 heures► have got to + infinitive ( = must)• have you got to go and see her? est-ce que vous êtes obligé d'aller la voir ?• you've got to be joking! tu plaisantes !► to get + -ing ( = begin)• I got to thinking that... (inf) je me suis dit que...3. compounds• he's got lots of get-up-and-go il est très dynamique ► get-well card noun carte f de vœux (pour un prompt rétablissement)a. ( = move about) se déplacer• he gets about with a stick/on crutches il marche avec une canne/des béquilles• she gets about quite well despite her handicap elle arrive assez bien à se déplacer malgré son handicapb. ( = travel) voyagerc. [news] circuler• the story had got about that... des rumeurs circulaient selon lesquelles...• it has got about that... le bruit court que...• I don't want it to get about je ne veux pas que ça s'ébruite► get above inseparable transitive verb• to get above o.s. avoir la grosse tête (inf)• you're getting above yourself! pour qui te prends-tu ?► get across[person crossing] traverser ; [meaning, message] passer• the message is getting across that people must... les gens commencent à comprendre qu'il faut...b. ( = manage) se débrouiller• to get along without sth/sb se débrouiller sans qch/qnc. ( = progress) [work] avancer ; [student, invalid] faire des progrèsd. ( = be on good terms) (bien) s'entendre→ get about→ get rounda. [+ object, person, place] atteindreb. [+ facts, truth] découvrirc. ( = suggest) what are you getting at? où voulez-vous en venir ?d. (British) ( = attack) s'en prendre àa. ( = leave) partir• we are not going to be able to get away this year nous n'allons pas pouvoir partir en vacances cette année• get away (with you)! (inf) à d'autres !b. ( = escape) s'échapper• she moved here to get away from the stress of city life elle est venue s'installer ici pour échapper au stress de la vie citadine• he went to the Bahamas to get away from it all il est allé aux Bahamas pour laisser tous ses problèmes derrière lui( = suffer no consequences)• you'll never get away with that! on ne te laissera pas passer ça ! (inf)a. ( = return) revenir• let's get back to why you didn't come yesterday revenons à la question de savoir pourquoi vous n'êtes pas venu hier• can I get back to you on that? (inf) puis-je vous recontacter à ce sujet ? ; (on phone) puis-je vous rappeler à ce sujet ?b. ( = move backwards) reculer• get back! reculez !a. ( = recover) [+ sth lent, sth lost, stolen] récupérer ; [+ strength] reprendre ; [+ one's husband, partner] faire revenirb. ( = return) rendre• I'll get it back to you as soon as I can je vous le rendrai dès que possible► get back at (inf) inseparable transitive verb( = retaliate against) prendre sa revanche sura. ( = pass) passerb. ( = manage) arriver à s'en sortir (inf)• may I get down? (at table) est-ce que je peux sortir de table ?• get down! ( = climb down) descends ! ; ( = lie down) couche-toi !c. ( = make note of) noterd. ( = depress) déprimer• when you get down to it there's not much difference between them en y regardant de plus près il n'y a pas grande différence entre euxa. [person] ( = enter) entrer ; ( = be admitted to university, school) être admis• do you think we'll get in? tu crois qu'on réussira à entrer ?b. ( = arrive) [train, bus, plane] arriverc. ( = be elected) [member] être élu ; [party] accéder au pouvoira. [+ harvest] rentrer• did you get your essay in on time? as-tu rendu ta dissertation à temps ?b. ( = buy) acheterc. ( = fit in) glisser• he managed to get in a game of golf il a réussi à trouver le temps de faire une partie de golf► get into inseparable transitive verba. ( = enter) [+ house, park] entrer dans ; [+ car, train] monter dans• to get into the way of doing sth ( = make a habit of) prendre l'habitude de faire qchb. [+ clothes] mettre• I can't get into these jeans any more je ne peux plus rentrer dans ce jean► get in with inseparable transitive verba. ( = gain favour of) (réussir à) se faire bien voir deb. ( = become friendly with) se mettre à fréquenter• he got in with local drug dealers il s'est mis à fréquenter les trafiquants de drogue du quartier► get off• to get off to a good start [project, discussion] bien partirc. ( = escape) s'en tirerd. ( = leave work) finir ; ( = take time off) se libérera. [+ bus, train] descendre deb. [+ clothes, shoes] enleverc. ( = dispatch) I'll phone you once I've got the children off to school je t'appellerai une fois que les enfants seront partis à l'écoled. ( = save from punishment) faire acquittera. to get off a bus/a bike descendre d'un bus/de vélo• get off the floor! levez-vous !b. ( = be excused) (inf) to get off gym se faire dispenser des cours de gym► get off with (inf) inseparable transitive verb► get onb. ( = advance, make progress) avancer• how are you getting on? comment ça marche ? (inf)• how did you get on? comment ça s'est passé ?c. ( = succeed) réussir• if you want to get on, you must... si tu veux réussir, tu dois...d. ( = agree) s'entendre( = put on) [+ clothes, shoes] mettrea. ( = get in touch with) se mettre en rapport avec ; ( = speak to) parler à ; ( = ring up) téléphoner àb. ( = start talking about) aborder• we got on to (the subject of) money nous avons abordé la question de l'argent► get on with inseparable transitive verba. ( = continue) continuer• while they talked she got on with her work pendant qu'ils parlaient, elle a continué à travaillerb. ( = start on) se mettre à• I'd better get on with the job! il faut que je m'y mette !► get out• get out! sortez !• let's get out of here! sortons d'ici !b. ( = escape) s'échapper (of de)• you'll have to do it, you can't get out of it il faut que tu le fasses, tu ne peux pas y échapper• some people will do anything to get out of paying taxes certaines personnes feraient n'importe quoi pour éviter de payer des impôts• he's trying to get out of going to the funeral il essaie de trouver une excuse pour ne pas aller à l'enterrementc. [news] se répandre ; [secret] être éventé• wait till the news gets out! attends que la nouvelle soit ébruitée !a. ( = bring out) [+ object] sortirb. ( = remove) [+ nail, tooth] arracher ; [+ stain] enleverc. ( = free) [+ person] faire sortirb. ( = recover from) to get over an illness se remettre d'une maladie• I can't get over the fact that... je n'en reviens pas que... + subja. [+ person, animal, vehicle] faire passerb. ( = communicate) faire comprendre ; [+ ideas] communiquer► get over with separable transitive verb( = have done with) en finir• I was glad to get the injections over with j'étais content d'en avoir fini avec ces piqûres► get round= get abouta. [+ obstacle, difficulty, law] contourner• I don't think I'll get round to it before next week je ne pense pas trouver le temps de m'en occuper avant la semaine prochaine► get throughb. ( = be accepted, pass) [candidate] être reçu ; [motion, bill] passer• I phoned you several times but couldn't get through je t'ai appelé plusieurs fois mais je n'ai pas pu t'avoird. ( = communicate with) to get through to sb communiquer avec qna. [+ hole, window] passer par ; [+ hedge] passer à travers ; [+ crowd] se frayer un chemin à traversb. ( = do) [+ work] faire ; [+ book] lire (en entier)• we get through £150 per week nous dépensons 150 livres par semained. ( = survive) how are they going to get through the winter? comment vont-ils passer l'hiver ?• we couldn't get through a day without arguing pas un jour ne se passait sans que nous ne nous disputionsa. [+ person, object] faire passer• to get the message through to sb that... faire comprendre à qn que...• this is the only place where villagers can get together c'est le seul endroit où les gens du village peuvent se réunir[+ people, ideas, money] rassembler ; [+ group] former( = pass underneath) passer par-dessous• to get under a fence/a rope passer sous une barrière/une corde► get up• what time did you get up? à quelle heure t'es-tu levé ?b. (on a chair, on stage) montera. we eventually got the truck up the hill on a finalement réussi à faire monter le camion jusqu'en haut de la côtea. ( = catch up with) rattraperb. ( = reach) arriver à• where did we get up to last week? où en sommes-nous arrivés la semaine dernière ?• do you realize what they've been getting up to? tu sais ce qu'ils ont trouvé le moyen de faire ?• what have you been getting up to lately? qu'est-ce que tu deviens ?* * *Note: This much-used verb has no multi-purpose equivalent in French and therefore is very often translated by choosing a synonym: to get lunch = to prepare lunch = préparer le déjeunerget is used in many idiomatic expressions ( to get something off one's chest etc) and translations will be found in the appropriate entry (chest etc). This is also true of offensive comments ( get lost etc) where the appropriate entry would be lostRemember that when get is used to express the idea that a job is done not by you but by somebody else ( to get a room painted etc) faire is used in French followed by an infinitive ( faire repeindre une pièce etc)When get has the meaning of become and is followed by an adjective (to get rich/drunk etc) devenir is sometimes useful but check the appropriate entry (rich, drunk etc) as a single verb often suffices ( s'enrichir, s'enivrer etc)For examples and further uses of get see the entry below[get] 1.1) ( receive) recevoir [letter, grant]; recevoir, percevoir [salary, pension]; Television, Radio capter [channel]2) ( inherit)to get something from somebody — lit hériter quelque chose de quelqu'un [article, money]; fig tenir quelque chose de quelqu'un [trait, feature]
3) ( obtain) ( by applying) obtenir [permission, divorce, licence]; trouver [job]; ( by contacting) trouver [plumber]; appeler [taxi]; ( by buying) acheter [item] ( from chez); avoir [ticket]to get something for nothing/at a discount — avoir quelque chose gratuitement/avec une réduction
to get somebody something —
to get something for somebody — ( by buying) acheter quelque chose à quelqu'un
4) ( subscribe to) acheter [newspaper]5) ( acquire) se faire [reputation]6) ( achieve) obtenir [grade, mark, answer]he got it right — ( of calculation) il a obtenu le bon résultat; ( of answer) il a répondu juste
7) ( fetch) chercher [object, person, help]to get somebody something —
8) (manoeuvre, move)to get somebody/something upstairs/downstairs — faire monter/descendre quelqu'un/quelque chose
can you get between the truck and the wall? — est-ce que tu peux te glisser entre le camion et le mur?
9) ( help progress)10) ( contact)11) ( deal with)I'll get it — ( of phone) je réponds; ( of doorbell) j'y vais
12) ( prepare) préparer [breakfast, lunch etc]13) ( take hold of) attraper [person] (by par)I've got you, don't worry — je te tiens, ne t'inquiète pas
to get something from ou off — prendre quelque chose sur [shelf, table]
to get something from ou out of — prendre quelque chose dans [drawer, cupboard]
14) (colloq) ( oblige to give)to get something from ou out of somebody — faire sortir quelque chose à quelqu'un [money]; fig obtenir quelque chose de quelqu'un [truth]
15) (colloq) ( catch) gen arrêter [escapee]got you! — gen je t'ai eu!; ( caught in act) vu!
16) Medicine attraper [disease]17) ( use as transport) prendre [bus, train]18) ( have)to have got — avoir [object, money, friend etc]
19) ( start to have)to get (hold of) the idea ou impression that — se mettre dans la tête que
20) ( suffer)21) ( be given as punishment) prendre [five years etc]; avoir [fine]22) ( hit)to get somebody/something with — toucher quelqu'un/quelque chose avec [stone, arrow]
23) (understand, hear) comprendrenow let me get this right... — alors si je comprends bien...
‘where did you hear that?’ - ‘I got it from Paul’ — ‘où est-ce que tu as entendu ça?’ - ‘c'est Paul qui me l'a dit’
24) (colloq) (annoy, affect)what gets me is... — ce qui m'agace c'est que...
25) (learn, learn of)to get to do — (colloq) finir par faire
how did you get to know ou hear of our organization? — comment avez-vous entendu parler de notre organisation?
26) ( have opportunity)to get to do — avoir l'occasion de faire, pouvoir faire
27) ( start)to get to doing — (colloq) commencer à faire
then I got to thinking that... — puis je me suis dit que...
28) ( must)to have got to do — devoir faire [homework, chore]
you've got to realize that... — il faut que tu te rendes compte que...
29) ( persuade)30) ( have somebody do)31) ( cause)2.1) ( become) devenir [suspicious, old]how lucky/stupid can you get! — il y en a qui ont de la chance/qui sont vraiment stupides!
2) ( forming passive)3) ( become involved in)to get into — (colloq) ( as hobby) se mettre à; ( as job) commencer dans; fig
4) ( arrive)how did you get here? — ( by what miracle) comment est-ce que tu es arrivé là?; ( by what means) comment est-ce que tu es venu?
5) ( progress)6) (colloq) ( put on)to get into — mettre, enfiler (colloq) [pyjamas, overalls]
•Phrasal Verbs:- get at- get away- get back- get by- get down- get in- get into- get off- get on- get onto- get out- get over- get up••get along with you! — (colloq) ne sois pas ridicule!
get away with you! — (colloq) arrête de raconter n'importe quoi! (colloq)
I'll get you (colloq) for that — je vais te le faire payer (colloq)
he's got it bad — (colloq) il est vraiment mordu
to get it together — (colloq) se ressaisir
to get with it — (colloq) se mettre dans le coup (colloq)
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Children's Island Sanitarium — was a sanitarium on Children s Island from 1886 until 1946 where many chronically ill children spent the summer, where the outdoor, ocean air might make them better. Children s Island Sanitarium Children s Island was for many years the location… … Wikipedia
Children Walking Tall — is a UK and India charity working for Street and Slum Children In Goa. Founded in 2004, Children Walking Tall is a registered UK charity dedicated to helping slum and street children in India. From their base in Goa, they provide food, shelter,… … Wikipedia
Children's Island — Children s Island, known as Cat Island prior to 1996, is an island off Marblehead, Massachusetts and is part of the City of Salem, Massachusetts. The YMCA of the North Shore has owned and operated a children s day camp on it since 1955. The first … Wikipedia
Children's Mercy Hospital — This article is about Children s Mercy Hospital. For other similarly named hospitals, see Children s Hospital (disambiguation). Children s Mercy Hospitals Clinics … Wikipedia
Children's Hospital for Wales — Coordinates: 51°29′06″N 3°09′43″W / 51.485°N 3.162°W / 51.485; 3.162 … Wikipedia
War children — This article is about children with a foreign military parent. For children used as soldiers, see Military use of children. For the mass evacuation of children from Finland during the Continuation War, see Finnish war children. For children of… … Wikipedia
Seattle Children's Museum — The Children s Museum, Seattle in Seattle is located on the lowest floor of the Center House at Seattle Center. Visitors to the main floor of the Center House can look down into a large open space in the floor which is part of the museum; this… … Wikipedia
Shooting Star Children's Hospice — The Shooting Star Children s Hospice (known as Shooting Star House ) is a UK based children s registered charity. The charity provides palliative care and support for children and young people with life limiting conditions. The hospice, which is… … Wikipedia
All My Children — Infobox Television Soap Opera show name = All My Children network = ABC, SOAPnet country = USA genre = Soap opera creator = Agnes Nixon executive producer = Julie Hanan Carruthers head writer = Charles Pratt Jr. senior cast members = Susan Lucci… … Wikipedia
North American Free Trade Agreement — NAFTA redirects here. For other uses of the acronym, see Nafta (disambiguation). North American Free Trade Agreement Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (Spanish) Accord de Libre échange Nord Américain (French) … Wikipedia
Mr. Children — From left to right: Kazutoshi Sakurai, Hideya Suzuki, Keisuke Nakagawa, and Kenichi Tahara Background information Origin Japan … Wikipedia